{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:41:14Z","timestamp":1789094474848,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To combat the ineffectiveness of currently available pharmaceutical medications, caused by the emergence of increasingly resistant bacterial and fungal strains, novel antibacterial and antifungal medications are urgently needed. Novel natural compounds with antimicrobial activities can be obtained by exploring underexplored habitats such as the world\u2019s oceans. The oceans represent the largest ecosystem on earth, with a high diversity of organisms. Oceans have received some attention in the past few years, and promising compounds with antimicrobial activities were isolated from marine organisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, sea cucumbers, sea sponges, etc. This review covers 56 antifungal and 40 antibacterial compounds from marine organisms. These compounds are categorized according to their chemical structure groups, including polyketides, alkaloids, ribosomal peptides, and terpenes, and their organismal origin. The review provides the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC values and the bacterial\/fungal strains against which these chemical compounds show activity. This study shows strong potential for witnessing the development of new novel antimicrobial drugs from these natural compounds isolated and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15020093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T06:22:10Z","timestamp":1674109330000},"page":"93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of Isolated Marine Compounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0672-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin Mahmood","family":"Thawabteh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Safety Section, General Services Department, Birzeit University, Ramallah 00972, Palestine"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Ramallah 00972, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8428-5634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zain","family":"Swaileh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Ramallah 00972, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8991-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Ramallah 00972, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weam","family":"Jaghama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Ramallah 00972, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Ramallah 00972, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5526-4490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafik","family":"Karaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 20002, Palestine"},{"name":"Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0857-2367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabino","family":"A. Bufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3716-2666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Scrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Via Lanera 20, 75100 Matera, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). 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