{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:14:23Z","timestamp":1779916463102,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["12-0080-10\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12-0080-10\/2010"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]},{"name":"Minister of Education and Science","award":["12-0080-10\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12-0080-10\/2010"]}]},{"name":"Minister of Education and Science","award":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was conducted to determine if a low monotonic dose of zearalenone (ZEN) affects the immunohistochemical expression (IE) of oestrogen receptor alpha (ER\u03b1) and oestrogen receptor beta (ER\u03b2) in the intestines of sexually immature gilts. Group C (control group; n = 18) gilts were given a placebo. Group E (experimental group; n = 18) gilts were dosed orally with 40 \u03bcg ZEN \/kg body weight (BW), each day before morning feeding. Samples of intestinal tissue were collected post-mortem six times. The samples were stained to analyse the IE of ER\u03b1 and Er\u03b2 in the scanned slides. The strongest response was observed in ER\u03b1 in the duodenum (90.387\u2014average % of cells with ER\u03b1 expression) and in ER\u03b2 in the descending colon (84.329\u2014average % of cells with ER\u03b2 expression); the opposite response was recorded in the caecum (2.484\u2014average % of cells with ER\u03b1 expression) and the ascending colon (2.448\u2014average % of cells with ER\u03b1 expression); on the first two dates of exposure, the digestive tract had to adapt to ZEN in feed. The results of this study, supported by a mechanistic interpretation of previous research findings, suggest that ZEN performs numerous functions in the digestive tract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15020122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T01:40:25Z","timestamp":1675388425000},"page":"122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Immunohistochemical Expression (IE) of Oestrogen Receptors in the Intestines of Prepubertal Gilts Exposed to Zearalenone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5507-5091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Gaj\u0119cka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3271-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Otrocka-Domaga\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9701-5716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Brzuzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"D\u0105browski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Lisieska-\u017bo\u0142nierczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Public Health Care Centre of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, and the Warmia and Mazury Oncology Centre in Olsztyn, al. 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