{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:05:16Z","timestamp":1792555516126,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Botulinum toxin type B (BoNT-B), known as Myobloc\u00ae in the United States and as Neurobloc\u00ae in Europe, is a new therapeutically available serotype among the botulinum toxin family. During the last years several data have been reported in literature investigating its efficacy and safety, as well as defining the dosing and application regiments of BoNT-B in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Moreover, recent studies have been examining its safety profile, which may be different from those known about BoNT-A. The aim of this review is to provide information about what is currently known about BoNT-B in regards to the treatment of focal hyperhidrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15020147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T01:48:56Z","timestamp":1676252936000},"page":"147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin B in Focal Hyperhidrosis: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3740-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Campanati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2274-1742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Diotallevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3153-1026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Radi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Martina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Marconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Bobyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Offidani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1159\/000452341","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin Off-Label Use in Dermatology: A Review","volume":"3","author":"Campanati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ski. Appendage Disord."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(1997)6+<146::AID-MUS10>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Botulinum toxin: Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and immunology","volume":"20","author":"Brin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve Off. J. Am. Assoc. Electrodiagn. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)91300-8","article-title":"Botulinum toxin blocks quantal but not non-quantal releasee of ACh at the neuro-muscular junction","volume":"261","author":"Stanley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2003.11.001","article-title":"Botulinum toxin-B and the management of hyperhidrosis","volume":"22","author":"Baumann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12620.x","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin Type B Blocks Sudomotor Function Effectively: A 6 Month Follow Up","volume":"121","author":"Birklein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-002-0929-4","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type B for treatment of axillar hyperhidrosis","volume":"249","author":"Dressler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-003-0440-5","article-title":"Successful treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis with very low doses of botulinum toxin B: A pilot study","volume":"295","author":"Hecht","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2004.07.003","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type B: A new therapy for axillary hyperhidrosis","volume":"58","author":"Nelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02531.x","article-title":"Pilot study of the safety and efficacy of Myobloctm (botulinum toxin type B) for treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis","volume":"44","author":"Baumann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.408","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin Type A vs Type B for Axillary Hyperhidrosis in a Case Series of Patients Observed for 6 Months","volume":"147","author":"Frasson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/00042728-200503000-00002","article-title":"Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Myobloc (Botulinum Toxin Type B) for the Treatment of Palmar Hyperhidrosis","volume":"31","author":"Baumann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1464","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin Type A and B Improve Quality of Life in Patients with Axillary and Palmar Hyperhidrosis","volume":"93","author":"Rosell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"497","article-title":"Efficacy of botulinum toxin type B for the treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis: A prospective, open, single-blind, multi-centre study","volume":"306","author":"Basciani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"52","article-title":"Plantar focal idiopathic hyperhidrosis and botulinum toxin: A pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Campanati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12278","article-title":"Botulinum toxin B in the treatment of craniofacial hyperhidrosis","volume":"28","author":"Karlqvist","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15029","article-title":"Postmenopausal craniofacial hyperhidrosis treated with botulinum toxin type B","volume":"46","author":"Cabreus","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.04.009","article-title":"Treatment of Frey\u2019s syndrome with botulinum toxin type B","volume":"143","author":"Cantarella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.04.015","article-title":"Transection of more than one sympathetic chain ganglion for hyperhidrosis in- creases the severity of compensatory hyperhidrosis and decreases patient satisfaction","volume":"156","author":"Weksler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2000.19408","article-title":"Are we paying a high price for surgical sympathectomy? A systematic literature review of late complications","volume":"1","author":"Furlan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1606","article-title":"Effect of botulinum toxin concentration on reduction in sweating: A randomized, double-blind study","volume":"93","author":"Rystedt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0419","article-title":"Anhidrotic effect of intradermal injections of botulinum toxin: A comparison of different products and concentrations","volume":"88","author":"Rystedt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-015-0278-x","article-title":"Treatment of compensatory hyperhidrosis after sympathectomy with botulinum toxin and anticholinergics","volume":"25","author":"Rystedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/PXR.0000000000000040","article-title":"Hyperhidrosis of the residual limb: A narrative review of the measurement and treatment of excess perspiration affecting individuals with amputation","volume":"45","author":"Lannan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prosthet. Orthot. Int."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.12.027","article-title":"Residual Limb Hyperhidrosis and RimabotulinumtoxinB: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study","volume":"97","author":"Pasquina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31820636fd","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin Type B in the Treatment of Residual Limb Hyperhidrosis for Lower Limb Amputees","volume":"90","author":"Kern","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03880.x","article-title":"Treatment of focal idiopathic hyperhidrosis with Botulinum Toxin Type A: Clinical predictive factors of relapse-free survival","volume":"25","author":"Campanati","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2022, November 20). Botulinum Toxin B: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action. Available online: https:\/\/go.drugbank.com\/drugs\/DB00042."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martina, E., Diotallevi, F., Radi, G., Campanati, A., and Offidani, A. (2021). Therapeutic Use of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Dermatology: Systematic Review. Toxins, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13020120"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000067023","article-title":"Autonomic Side Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type B Treatment of Cervical Dystonia and Hyperhidrosis","volume":"49","author":"Dressler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000249308.66959.43","article-title":"Clinico-immunologic aspects of botulinum toxin type B treatment of cervical dystonia","volume":"67","author":"Jankovic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.08.001","article-title":"Clinical differences between botulinum neurotoxin type A and B","volume":"107","author":"Bentivoglio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Toxins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/15\/2\/147\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:31:21Z","timestamp":1760121081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/15\/2\/147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["toxins15020147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins15020147","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6651","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]]}}}