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BoNT-A has shown its therapeutic effects in neurological disorders such as Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and post-stroke spasticity. A high proportion of patients with PD and post-stroke develop neurogenic detrusor overactivity (nDO) and then develop urinary incontinence and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. This study aimed to disclose the safety and efficacy of BoNT-A injection in treating bladder and voiding dysfunction in PD and post-stroke patients by reviewing the current evidence. At present, intradetrusor injection of BoNT-A is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved third-line therapy for nDO and idiopathic OAB. Although intradetrusor injection of onaBoNT-A 200 U is already approved for nDO treatment, most researchers would like to manage PD and post-stroke patients by using onaBoNT-A 100 U intradetrusor injection to achieve long-term efficacy and reduce adverse effects. However, in contrast to its inclusion in the International Continence Society guidelines for PD treatment, the clinical use of BoNT-A for post-stroke patients is limited to experimental use due to the development of urinary retention in about one-fifth of patients. For treating urethral pseudodyssynergia, half of patients may respond to onaBoNT-A 100 U urethral injection. However, refinement is needed to reduce unwanted urinary incontinence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15020166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T02:02:09Z","timestamp":1676858529000},"page":"166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Role of Urological Botulinum Toxin-A Injection for Overactive Bladder and Voiding Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease or Post-Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2521-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Chuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Nei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan City 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0701-2285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Chia","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1468-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao-Chi","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Shock Wave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Jen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Shock Wave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuo, H.C. 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