{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:46:43Z","timestamp":1790628403656,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)","award":["#002\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#002\/2008"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)","award":["#007\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#007\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)","award":["#005\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#005\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)","award":["#008\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#008\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)","award":["#005\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#005\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)","award":["#003\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#003\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["#002\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#002\/2008"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["#007\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#007\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["#005\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#005\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["#008\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#008\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["#005\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#005\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["#003\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#003\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["#002\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#002\/2008"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["#007\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#007\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["#005\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#005\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["#008\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#008\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["#005\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#005\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["#003\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#003\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bothrops atrox envenomations are common in the Brazilian Amazon. The venom of B. atrox is highly inflammatory, which results in severe local complications, including the formation of blisters. Moreover, there is little information on the immune mechanisms associated with this condition. Thus, a longitudinal study was carried out to characterize the profile of the cell populations and soluble immunological mediators in the peripheral blood and blisters in B. atrox patients s according to their clinical manifestations (mild and severe). A similar response in both B. atrox patient groups (MILD and SEV) was observed, with an increase in inflammatory monocytes, NKT, and T and B cells, as well as CCL2, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-10, when compared with the group of healthy blood donors. After the administration of antivenom, the participation of patrolling monocytes and IL-10 in the MILD group was observed. In the SEV group, the participation of B cells was observed, with high levels of CCL2 and IL-6. In the blister exudate, a hyperinflammatory profile was observed. In conclusion, we revealed the involvement of cell populations and soluble mediators in the immune response to B. atrox envenomation at the local and peripheral level, which is related to the onset and extent of the inflammation\/clinical manifestation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15030196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T02:06:43Z","timestamp":1678068403000},"page":"196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exploring the Profile of Cell Populations and Soluble Immunological Mediators in Bothrops atrox Envenomations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kerolaine Fonseca","family":"Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica Carlos Borborema, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Costa Ferreira","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica Carlos Borborema, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiochelson Najibe Santos","family":"Ibiapina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica Carlos Borborema, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira 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