{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:26:57Z","timestamp":1784698017850,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["2022R1I1A3070740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1I1A3070740"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deoxynivalenol (DON) is known as a vomitoxin, which frequently contaminates feedstuffs, such as corn, wheat, and barley. Intake of DON-contaminated feed has been known to cause undesirable effects, including diarrhea, emesis, reduced feed intake, nutrient malabsorption, weight loss, and delay in growth, in livestock. However, the molecular mechanism of DON-induced damage of the intestinal epithelium requires further investigation. Treatment with DON triggered ROS in IPEC-J2 cells and increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). To investigate the activation of the inflammasome, we confirmed the mRNA and protein expression levels of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1 (CASP-1). Moreover, we confirmed that caspase mediates the mature form of interleukin-18, and the cleaved form of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) was increased. Based on these results, our study suggests that DON can induce damage through oxidative stress and pyroptosis in the epithelial cells of the porcine small intestine via NLRP3 inflammasome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15040300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T02:01:11Z","timestamp":1681956071000},"page":"300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Pyroptosis-Mediated Damage Mechanism by Deoxynivalenol in Porcine Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tae Hong","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangsu","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JeongWoong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0537-6205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo Ram","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang In","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anastasiadis, V., Raptis, I., Economou, A., Kakabakos, S.E., and Petrou, P.S. 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