{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:08:36Z","timestamp":1780582116281,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare (MoHW) of the Korean Government","award":["HV22C0259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HV22C0259"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an enveloped icosahedral capsid virus with a prime neutralizing epitope present in E protein domain III (EDIII). E dimers are rearranged into a five-fold symmetry of icosahedrons. Cholera toxin B (CTB) and heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) of AB5-type toxin was used as the structural scaffold for emulating the pentameric axis of EDIII. We produced homo-pentameric EDIII through the genetic fusion of LTB or CTB in E. coli without recourse to additional refolding steps. Harnessing an RNA-mediated chaperone further enhanced the soluble expression and pentameric assembly of the chimeric antigen. The pentameric assembly was validated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), non-reduced gel analysis, and a GM1 binding assay. CTB\/LTB\u2212EDIII chimeric antigen triggered high neutralizing antibodies against the JEV Nakayama strain after immunization in mice. Altogether, our proof-of-principle study creating a JEV-protective antigen via fusion with an AB5-type toxin as both a pentameric scaffold and a built-in adjuvant posits the bacterially produced recombinant chimeric antigen as a cost-effective alternative to conventional inactivated vaccines against JEV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15070425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T01:02:41Z","timestamp":1688086961000},"page":"425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["AB5-Type Toxin as a Pentameric Scaffold in Recombinant Vaccines against the Japanese Encephalitis Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jina","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology & Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03708, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03708, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jemin","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03708, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyoonhee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03708, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, WCU Program of Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung Hyun","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7301-082X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baik-Lin","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul 03721, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillips, D.E., Dieleman, J.L., Lim, S.S., and Shearer, J. 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