{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:22:38Z","timestamp":1787163758211,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007637","name":"Minciencias, Colombia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["130780864623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["130780864623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universidad de Ibague","award":["130780864623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["130780864623"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The wandering spider, Phoneutria depilata, is one of Colombia\u2019s most active nocturnal arthropod predators of vertebrates and invertebrates. Its venom has been a relevant subject of study in the last two decades. However, the scarcity of transcriptomic data for the species limits our knowledge of the distinct components present in its venom for linking the mainly neurotoxic effects of the spider venom to a particular molecular target. The transcriptome of the P. depilata venom gland was analyzed to understand the effect of different diets or sex and the impact of these variables on the composition of the venom. We sequenced venom glands obtained from ten males and ten females from three diet treatments: (i) invertebrate: Tenebrio molitor, (ii) vertebrate: Hemidactylus frenatus, and (iii) mixed (T. molitor + H. frenatus). Of 17,354 assembled transcripts from all samples, 65 transcripts relating to venom production differed between males and females. Among them, 36 were classified as neurotoxins, 14 as serine endopeptidases, 11 as other proteins related to venom production, three as metalloprotease toxins, and one as a venom potentiator. There were no differences in transcripts across the analyzed diets, but when considering the effect of diets on differences between the sexes, 59 transcripts were differentially expressed. Our findings provide essential information on toxins differentially expressed that can be related to sex and the plasticity of the diet of P. depilata and thus can be used as a reference for venomics of other wandering spider species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15070429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:49:27Z","timestamp":1688345367000},"page":"429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Intersexual Differences in the Gene Expression of Phoneutria depilata (Araneae, Ctenidae) Toxins Revealed by Venom Gland Transcriptome Analyses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Diego Sierra","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biolog\u00eda y Ecolog\u00eda de Artr\u00f3podos (BEA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, Ibagu\u00e9 730001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan F.","family":"Alzate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Secuenciaci\u00f3n Gen\u00f3mica (CNSG), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7125-5033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO\/InBIO\/Biopolis, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1317-5382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arie","family":"van der Meijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO\/InBIO\/Biopolis, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2373-1805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovany","family":"Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Zoolog\u00eda (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, Ibagu\u00e9 730001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2463-5997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lida Marcela","family":"Franco P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matem\u00e1ticas, Universidad de Ibagu\u00e9, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagu\u00e9 730001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio C\u00e9sar","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biolog\u00eda y Ecolog\u00eda de Artr\u00f3podos (BEA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, Ibagu\u00e9 730001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5201-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos F.","family":"Prada Quiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biolog\u00eda y Ecolog\u00eda de Artr\u00f3podos (BEA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, Ibagu\u00e9 730001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arbuckle, K. 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