{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:25:27Z","timestamp":1787495127295,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32102742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32102742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M661313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M661313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. LBH-Z19194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LBH-Z19194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32102742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32102742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M661313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M661313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. LBH-Z19194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LBH-Z19194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Grant","award":["32102742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32102742"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Grant","award":["2019M661313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M661313"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Grant","award":["No. LBH-Z19194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LBH-Z19194"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a prevalent disease in intensive dairy farming, and the rumen environment of diseased cows acidifies, leading to the rupture of gram-negative bacteria to release lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS can cause rumentitis and other complications, such as liver abscess, mastitis and laminitis. Propionate, commonly used in the dairy industry as a feed additive, has anti-inflammatory effects, but its mechanism is unclear. This study aims to investigate whether sodium propionate (SP) reduces LPS-induced inflammation in rumen epithelial cells (RECs) and the underlying mechanism. RECs were stimulated with different time (0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 18 h) and different concentrations of LPS (0, 1, 5, 10 \u03bcg\/mL) to establish an inflammation model. Then, RECs were treated with SP (15, 25, 35 mM) or 10 \u03bcM PDTC in advance and stimulated by LPS for the assessment. The results showed that LPS (6h and 10 \u03bcg\/mL) could stimulate the phosphorylation of NF-\u03baB p65, I\u03baB, JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK through TLR4, and increase the release of TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6. SP (35 mM) can reduce the expression of cytokines by effectively inhibiting the NF-\u03baB and MAPK inflammatory pathways. This study confirmed that SP inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses through NF-\u03baB and MAPK in RECs, providing potential therapeutic targets and drugs for the prevention and treatment of SARA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15070438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T01:42:47Z","timestamp":1688434967000},"page":"438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sodium Propionate Relieves LPS-Induced Inflammation by Suppressing the NF-\u0138B and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Rumen Epithelial Cells of Holstein Cows"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0714-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenxu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1381-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanxuan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyuan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazhou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0377-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163000, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2273-2539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-10871","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide derived from the digestive tract provokes oxidative stress in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-grain diet","volume":"100","author":"Abaker","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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