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We previously found that Lycosin-I exhibited anti-T. gondii activity, but its serum stability was not good enough. In this study, we aimed to improve the stability and activity of Lycosin-I through fatty acid chain modification, so as to find a better anti-T. gondii drug candidate. The \u03b1\/\u03b5-amino residues of different lysine residues of Lycosin-I were covalently coupled with lauric acid to obtain eight lipopeptides, namely L-C12, L-C12-1, L-C12-2, L-C12-3, L-C12-4, L-C12-5, L-C12-6, and L-C12-7. Among these eight lipopeptides, L-C12 showed the best activity against T. gondii in vitro in a trypan blue assay. We then conjugated a shorter length fatty chain, aminocaproic acid, at the same modification site of L-C12, namely L-an. The anti-T. gondii effects of Lycosin-I, L-C12 and L-an were evaluated via an invasion assay, proliferation assay and plaque assay in vitro. A mouse model acutely infected with T. gondii tachyzoites was established to evaluate their efficacy in vivo. The serum stability of L-C12 and L-an was improved, and they showed comparable or even better activity than Lycosin-I did in inhibiting the invasion and proliferation of tachyzoites. L-an effectively prolonged the survival time of mice acutely infected with T. gondii. These results suggest that appropriate fatty acid chain modification can improve serum stability and enhance anti-T. gondii effect of Lycosin-I. The lipopeptide derivatives of Lycosin-I have potential as a novel anti-T. gondii drug candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15080477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T02:07:17Z","timestamp":1690423637000},"page":"477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Effects of Lipopeptide Derivatives of Lycosin-I"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongqian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8050-4193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China"},{"name":"China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53490-3.00008-X","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume":"114","author":"Halonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb. 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