{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T01:34:06Z","timestamp":1783388046673,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Scientific Foundation of China","award":["82003400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82003400"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Scientific Foundation of China","award":["232102311079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102311079"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Scientific Foundation of China","award":["212102310622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102310622"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Henan Province","award":["82003400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82003400"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Henan Province","award":["232102311079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102311079"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Henan Province","award":["212102310622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102310622"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency are considered important etiologies of Kashin\u2013Beck disease (KBD), although the exact mechanism is still unclear. To identify differentially expressed microRNAs (DE-miRNAs) in the articular cartilage of rats exposed to T-2 toxin and selenomethionine (SeMet) supplementation, thirty-six 4-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a control group (gavaged with 4% anhydrous ethanol), a T-2 group (gavaged with 100 ng\/g\u00b7bw\/day T-2 toxin), and a T-2 + SeMet group (gavaged with 100 ng\/g\u00b7bw\/day T-2 toxin and 0.5 mg\/kg\u00b7bw\/day SeMet), respectively. Toluidine blue staining was performed to detect the pathological changes of articular cartilage. Three rats per group were randomly selected for high-throughput sequencing of articular cartilage. Target genes of DE-miRNAs were predicted using miRanda and RNAhybrid databases, and the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway were enriched. The network map of miRNA-target genes was constructed using Cytoscape software. The expression profiles of miRNAs associated with KBD were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Additionally, the DE-miRNAs were selected for real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) verification. Toluidine blue staining demonstrated that T-2 toxin damaged articular cartilage and SeMet effectively alleviated articular cartilage lesions. A total of 50 DE-miRNAs (28 upregulated and 22 downregulated) in the T-2 group vs. the control group, 18 DE-miRNAs (6 upregulated and 12 downregulated) in the T-2 + SeMet group vs. the control group, and 25 DE-miRNAs (5 upregulated and 20 downregulated) in the T-2 + SeMet group vs. the T-2 group were identified. Enrichment analysis showed the target genes of DE-miRNAs were associated with apoptosis, and in the MAPK and TGF-\u03b2 signaling pathways in the T-2 group vs. the control group. However, the pathway of apoptosis was not significant in the T-2 + SeMet group vs. the control group. These results indicated that T-2 toxin induced apoptosis, whereas SeMet supplementation antagonized apoptosis. Apoptosis and autophagy occurred simultaneously in the T-2 + SeMet group vs. T-2 group, and autophagy may inhibit apoptosis to protect cartilage. Compared with the GSE186593 dataset, the evidence of miR-133a-3p involved in apoptosis was more abundant. The results of RT-qPCR validation were consistent with RNA sequencing results. Our findings suggested that apoptosis was involved in articular cartilage lesions induced by T-2 toxin, whereas SeMet supplementation antagonized apoptosis, and that miR-133a-3p most probably played a central role in the apoptosis process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15080496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T09:28:29Z","timestamp":1691141309000},"page":"496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Selenomethionine Antagonized microRNAs Involved in Apoptosis of Rat Articular Cartilage Induced by T-2 Toxin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jincai","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanmenxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sanmenxia 472000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuiyuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3441","DOI":"10.1021\/jf200767q","article-title":"T-2 toxin, a trichothecene mycotoxin: Review of toxicity, metabolism, and analytical methods","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.12.008","article-title":"Modification of energy balance induced by the food contaminant T-2 toxin: A multimodal gut-to-brain connection","volume":"37","author":"Djelloul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.11.032","article-title":"Effect of T-2 toxin-contaminated diet on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)","volume":"60","author":"Matejova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.06.145","article-title":"T-2 toxin impairs male fertility by disrupting hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis and declining testicular function in mice","volume":"234","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110658","article-title":"The response of glandular gastric transcriptome to T-2 toxin in chicks","volume":"132","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03445-z","article-title":"T-2 toxin-induced intestinal damage with dysregulation of metabolism, redox homeostasis, inflammation, and apoptosis in chicks","volume":"97","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s002640100248","article-title":"Diagnostic, clinical and radiological characteristics of Kashin-Beck disease in Shaanxi Province, PR China","volume":"25","author":"Guo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.07.023","article-title":"Recent advances in the research of an endemic osteochondropathy in China: Kashin-Beck disease","volume":"22","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TX00377F","article-title":"The effects of T-2 toxin on the prevalence and development of Kashin-Beck disease in China: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.07.042","article-title":"Elevation of IGFBP2 contributes to mycotoxin T-2-induced chondrocyte injury and metabolism","volume":"478","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02237-1","article-title":"Decreased Expression of Heat Shock Protein 47 Is Associated with T-2 Toxin and Low Selenium-Induced Matrix Degradation in Cartilages of Kashin-Beck Disease","volume":"199","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2023.107049","article-title":"MiR-214-3p may alleviate T-2 toxin-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and matrix degradation by regulating NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in vitro","volume":"225","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810153391604","article-title":"Kashin-Beck osteoarthropathy in rural Tibet in relation to selenium and iodine status","volume":"339","author":"Suetens","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02490-9","article-title":"The importance of selenium to human health","volume":"356","author":"Rayman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Liu, M., Sun, H., Yang, J.C., Huang, Y.X., Huang, J.Q., Lei, X., and Sun, L.H. (2023). Selenium deficiency-induced multiple tissue damage with dysregulation of immune and redox homeostasis in broiler chicks under heat stress. Sci. China. Life Sci., 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-022-2226-1"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.024","article-title":"Both selenium deficiency and excess impair male reproductive system via inducing oxidative stress-activated PI3K\/AKT-mediated apoptosis and cell proliferation signaling in testis of mice","volume":"197","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61452-9","article-title":"Selenium and human health","volume":"379","author":"Rayman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schomburg, L. (2021). Selenium Deficiency Due to Diet, Pregnancy, Severe Illness, or COVID-19-A Preventable Trigger for Autoimmune Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168532"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mojadadi, A., Au, A., Salah, W., Witting, P., and Ahmad, G. (2021). Role for Selenium in Metabolic Homeostasis and Human Reproduction. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093256"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.04.023","article-title":"FGF8 and FGFR3 are up-regulated in hypertrophic chondrocytes: Association with chondrocyte death in deep zone of Kashin-Beck disease","volume":"500","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.09.013","article-title":"Effects of the consumption of rice from non-KBD areas and selenium supplementation on the prevention and treatment of paediatric Kaschin-Beck disease: An epidemiological intervention trial in the Qinghai Province","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307891","article-title":"MicroRNAs: New players in IBD","volume":"64","author":"Kalla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.23296","article-title":"Role of microRNAs in breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092222","article-title":"MicroRNAs in cancer","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2016.11.003","article-title":"MicroRNA Regulation of RNA Virus Replication and Pathogenesis","volume":"23","author":"Trobaugh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115564","article-title":"MicroRNAs in cartilage development and dysplasia","volume":"140","author":"Shvedova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali Syeda, Z., Langden, S.S.S., Munkhzul, C., Lee, M., and Song, S.J. (2020). Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA Expression in Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051723"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.09.945","article-title":"MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"68","author":"Barwari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasu, S., Kumano, K., Darden, C.M., Rahman, I., Lawrence, M.C., and Naziruddin, B. (2019). MicroRNA Signatures as Future Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Diabetes States. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121533"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, H., Dai, H., Wang, L., Lin, S., Tao, Y., Zheng, Y., Jiang, R., Fang, F., and Wu, Y. (2020). MicroRNA-410-3p modulates chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation by targeting high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in an osteoarthritis mouse model. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03489-7"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467213666200204143740","article-title":"miR-18a-3p Encourages Apoptosis of Chondrocyte in Osteoarthritis via HOXA1 Pathway","volume":"13","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.2013028","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA musculin antisense RNA 1 promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in osteoarthritic chondrocytes via the microRNA-369-3p\/Janus kinase-2\/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 axis","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2017.11.003","article-title":"Expression of miR-206 in Human Knee Articular Chondrocytes and Effects of miR-206 on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Articular Chondrocytes","volume":"355","author":"Ni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092776","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1092776","article-title":"MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in cartilage homeostasis and osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.106987","article-title":"MiR-140 is involved in T-2 toxin-induced matrix degradation of articular cartilage","volume":"222","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"351","article-title":"Increased Chondrocyte Apoptosis in Kashin-Beck Disease and Rats Induced by T-2 Toxin and Selenium Deficiency","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, F.F., Lin, X.L., Wang, X., Ping, Z.G., and Guo, X. (2019). Comparison of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Chondrocytes Induced by the T-2 and HT-2 Toxins. Toxins, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11050260"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B0820013","article-title":"T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis involving Fas, p53, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 signaling pathways in human chondrocytes","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63176-6","article-title":"Apoptosis","volume":"78","author":"Fleisher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J., Wang, L., Guo, X., Pang, Q., Wu, S., Wu, C., Xu, P., and Bai, Y. (2014). The role of mitochondria in T-2 toxin-induced human chondrocytes apoptosis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108394"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.12.7.795","article-title":"MAPK phosphatases as novel targets for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Ralph","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.11.019","article-title":"p38 and JNK MAPK pathways control the balance of apoptosis and autophagy in response to chemotherapeutic agents","volume":"344","author":"Sui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8816-4","article-title":"Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in T-2 toxin-induced cell cycle alteration and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells","volume":"51","author":"Agrawal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a022145","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022145","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 Family Signaling in the Control of Cell Proliferation and Survival","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2020.1750813","article-title":"miR-296-5p inhibits IL-1\u03b2-induced apoptosis and cartilage degradation in human chondrocytes by directly targeting TGF-\u03b21\/CTGF\/p38MAPK pathway","volume":"19","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c08275","article-title":"Selenium Improves Bone Microenvironment-Related Hematopoiesis and Immunity in T-2 Toxin-Exposed Mice","volume":"71","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, N.T., Guo, A., and Meng, H. (2016). The protective role of autophagy in experimental osteoarthritis, and the therapeutic effects of Torin 1 on osteoarthritis by activating autophagy. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-0995-x"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05595-5","article-title":"PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy inhibits osteoblast apoptosis induced by advanced oxidation protein products","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-011-1127-x","article-title":"The crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis: Where does this lead?","volume":"3","author":"Gordy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1584","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1584","article-title":"Noncoding RNAs: New regulatory code in chondrocyte apoptosis and autophagy","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. RNA"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, T., Leung, F., and Lu, W.W. (2016). MiR-9-5p, miR-675-5p and miR-138-5p Damages the Strontium and LRP5-Mediated Skeletal Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Adhesion. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020236"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12757","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27896","article-title":"miR-133a-3p suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promotes apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"234","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu, Z., and Li, S. (2020). Long noncoding RNA LINC01278 favors the progression of osteosarcoma via modulating miR-133a-3p\/PTHR1 signaling. J. Cell. Physiol., 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29582"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22073","article-title":"Oxidant damage in Kashin-Beck disease and a rat Kashin-Beck disease model by employing T-2 toxin treatment under selenium deficient conditions","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-011-9232-5","article-title":"Preventive effects of supplemental selenium and selenium plus iodine on bone and cartilage development in rats fed with diet from Kashin-Beck disease endemic area","volume":"146","author":"Yao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."}],"container-title":["Toxins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/15\/8\/496\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:26:03Z","timestamp":1760127963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/15\/8\/496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["toxins15080496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins15080496","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6651","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]}}}