{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:58:20Z","timestamp":1793753900423,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hugel Inc.","award":["2-2019-0061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-2019-0061"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT\/A) in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) associated with masticatory muscle pain (MMP) and headaches. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study is the first clinical trial to evaluate both disorders simultaneously. Twenty-one patients with myogenous TMD were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental and control groups received injections of either BoNT\/A or saline into the sites showing tenderness after palpation of a total of 16 muscle areas, including each masseter, a temporalis, splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid, and trapezius muscle. During each visit, the clinical effects, based on the intensity of orofacial pain (OVAS), headache (HVAS), number of tender points (TPs), maximum mouth opening (MMO), and headache frequency (HF), were evaluated at four time points, namely, pre-injection and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the injection, in both groups. Friedman and Mann\u2013Whitney tests were used for the analyses. In the experimental group, the reductions in OVAS, TP, HVAS, and HF showed significant differences over time, excluding MMO, whereas there was no significant difference in any of the variables in the control group. In addition, the decline in TPs was significantly different between the experimental and control groups at all time points, especially after 4 and 12 weeks, compared to that during pre-injection. In conclusion, treatment with BoNT\/A was relatively effective for masticatory muscle pain caused by TMDs and headache compared to the saline placebo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15100597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T11:58:57Z","timestamp":1696420737000},"page":"597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Effect of Botulinum Toxin on Masticatory Muscle Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3057-5652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"So Ra","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alec Hyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TMJ & Orofacial Pain Center, Los Angeles, CA 90006, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9506-5103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Taek","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC\/TMD) for clinical and research applications: Recommendations of the International RDC\/TMD Consortium Network and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group","volume":"28","author":"Schiffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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