{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:15:51Z","timestamp":1792790151573,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Newton International Fellowship","award":["NIF\/R5\/258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIF\/R5\/258"]}]},{"name":"Newton International Fellowship","award":["202102021049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102021049"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Project","award":["NIF\/R5\/258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIF\/R5\/258"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Project","award":["202102021049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102021049"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aflatoxins are liver carcinogens and are common contaminants in unpackaged peanut (UPP) oil. However, the health risks associated with consuming aflatoxins in UPP oil remain unclear. In this study, aflatoxin contamination in 143 UPP oil samples from Guangdong Province were assessed via liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We also recruited 168 human subjects, who consumed this oil, to measure their liver functions and lipid metabolism status. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected in 79.72% of the UPP oil samples, with levels ranging from 0.02 to 174.13 \u03bcg\/kg. The average daily human intake of AFB1 from UPP oil was 3.14 ng\/kg\u00b7bw\/day; therefore, the incidence of liver cancer, caused by intake of 1 ng\/kg\u00b7bw\/day AFB1, was estimated to be 5.32 cases out of every 100,000 persons per year. Meanwhile, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and AFB1 exposure exerted a synergistic effect to cause liver dysfunction. In addition, the triglycerides (TG) abnormal rate was statistically significant when using AFB1 to estimate daily intake (EDI) quartile spacing grouping (p = 0.011). In conclusion, high aflatoxin exposure may exacerbate the harmful effects of HBV infection on liver function. Contamination of UPP oil with aflatoxins in Guangdong urgently requires more attention, and public health management of the consumer population is urgently required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15110646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T10:19:27Z","timestamp":1699525167000},"page":"646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Assessment of the Adverse Health Effects of Aflatoxin Exposure from Unpackaged Peanut Oil in Guangdong, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhini","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou 510060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunying","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanheng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhaoqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhaoqing 526060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoliang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhaoqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhaoqing 526060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxu","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety Monitoring and Evaluation Department, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shixiong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6735-3511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Routledge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingfen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: Globocan Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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