{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:03:08Z","timestamp":1782741788957,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Botulinum toxin type A is an effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. Moreover, its efficacy in type 2 trigeminal neuralgia and comparative studies between type 1 and type 2 trigeminal neuralgia (TN) still need to be improved. Methods: We treated 40 TN patients with onabotulinumtoxinA; 18 had type 1 TN, and 22 had type 2 TN. We compared the baseline pain score with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and paroxysm frequency (number per week) at the baseline with those obtained at 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. Nonetheless, we compared the baseline Penn Facial Pain Scale with the scores obtained at the 1-month follow-up. Results: BoNT\/A effectively reduced pain intensity and frequency at the 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. Moreover, the type 1 TN and type 2 TN groups had baseline pain scores of 7.8 \u00b1 1.65 and 8.4 \u00b1 1.1, respectively. Pain significantly improved (p &lt; 0.001) in both groups to 3.1 \u00b1 2.3 (type 1 TN) and 3.5 \u00b1 2.3 (type 2 TN) at the 1-month follow-up and to 3.2 \u00b1 2.5 (type 1 TN) and 3.6 \u00b1 2.5 (type 2 TN) at the 3-month follow-up. There was no difference between the two groups (p 0.345). The baseline paroxysm frequencies (number per week) were 86.7 \u00b1 69.3 and 88.9 \u00b1 62.2 for the type 1 and type 2 TN groups, respectively; they were significantly reduced in both groups at the 1-month and 3-month follow-ups without significant differences between the two groups (p 0.902). The Pain Facial Pain Scale improved at the 1-month follow-up, and no significant differences were found between the two groups. There was a strong correlation between background pain and paroxysm pain intensity (r 0.8, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Botulinum toxin type A effectively reduced the pain, paroxysm frequency, and PFPS scores of type 1 and type 2 trigeminal neuralgia patients without statistically significant differences. Facial asymmetry was the only adverse event.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15110654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T02:20:37Z","timestamp":1699928437000},"page":"654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Therapeutic Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Trigeminal Neuralgia: Are There Any Differences between Type 1 versus Type 2 Trigeminal Neuralgia?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4200-761X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Tereshko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariarosaria","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Belgrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Dalla Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2062-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Dal Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6525-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Merlino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Luigi","family":"Gigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Lettieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90157-0","article-title":"Trigeminal Neuralgia and Atypical Facial Pain: Use of the McGill Pain Questionnaire for Discrimination and Diagnosis","volume":"27","author":"Melzack","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2004.00864.x","article-title":"Duration of Attacks of First Division Trigeminal Neuralgia","volume":"25","author":"Pareja","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2018). 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