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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained significant attention as a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. Animal venom comprises a diverse array of bioactive compounds, which can be a rich source for identifying new functional peptides. In this study, we identified a toxin peptide, Lycotoxin-Pa1a (Lytx-Pa1a), from the transcriptome of the Pardosa astrigera spider venom gland. To enhance its functional properties, we employed an in silico approach to design a novel hybrid peptide, KFH-Pa1a, by predicting antibacterial and cytotoxic functionalities and incorporating the amino-terminal Cu(II)- and Ni(II) (ATCUN)-binding motif. KFH-Pa1a demonstrated markedly superior antimicrobial efficacy against pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, compared to Lytx-Pa1a. Notably, KFH-Pa1a exerted several distinct mechanisms, including the disruption of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, the generation of intracellular ROS, and the cleavage and inhibition of bacterial DNA. Additionally, the hybrid peptide showed synergistic activity when combined with conventional antibiotics. Our research not only identified a novel toxin peptide from spider venom but demonstrated in silico-based design of hybrid AMP with strong antimicrobial activity that can contribute to combating MDR pathogens, broadening the utilization of biological resources by incorporating computational approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15120668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T11:31:25Z","timestamp":1700739085000},"page":"668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["In Silico-Based Design of a Hybrid Peptide with Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using a Spider Toxin Peptide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Min Kyoung","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Ran","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In-Wook","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Bin","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Young","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Wook","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Sun","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Species Diversity Research Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3145-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Suk","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.10.008","article-title":"Antibiotics: Past, present and future","volume":"51","author":"Hutchings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. 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