{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T18:16:26Z","timestamp":1777486586646,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1\/Tesouro Nacional","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Podocyte dysfunction plays a crucial role in renal injury and is identified as a key contributor to proteinuria in Fabry disease (FD), primarily impacting glomerular filtration function (GFF). The \u03b13\u03b21 integrins are important for podocyte adhesion to the glomerular basement membrane, and disturbances in these integrins can lead to podocyte injury. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of chloroquine (CQ) on podocytes, as this drug can be used to obtain an in vitro condition analogous to the FD. Murine podocytes were employed in our experiments. The results revealed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability. CQ at a sub-lethal concentration (1.0 \u00b5g\/mL) induced lysosomal accumulation significantly (p &lt; 0.0001). Morphological changes were evident through scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, highlighting alterations in F-actin and nucleus morphology. No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of \u03b13\u03b21 integrins via RT-qPCR. Protein expression of \u03b13 integrin was evaluated with Western Blotting and immunofluorescence, demonstrating its lower detection in podocytes exposed to CQ. Our findings propose a novel in vitro model for exploring secondary Fabry nephropathy, indicating a modulation of \u03b13\u03b21 integrin and morphological alterations in podocytes under the influence of CQ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15120700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T03:58:02Z","timestamp":1702526282000},"page":"700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Role of \u03b13\u03b21 Integrin Modulation on Fabry Disease Podocyte Injury and Kidney Impairment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bruna","family":"Bosquetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3839-5920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Aparecida","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo C\u00e9zar","family":"Greg\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7925-7698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regiane Stafim da","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4345-2580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"Miniskiskosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Budag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia Regina Cavichiolo","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8855-5988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edneia Amancio de Souza","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6394-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fellype Carvalho","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80060-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8595-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9a Emilia Marques","family":"Stinghen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640876","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.640876","article-title":"Deficiency in the Screening Process of Fabry Disease: Analysis of Chronic Kidney Patients Not on Dialysis","volume":"8","author":"Battaglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med. 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