{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:14:17Z","timestamp":1792671257729,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003825","name":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MTA\u2010KE\u2010SZIE 13003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MTA\u2010KE\u2010SZIE 13003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015269","name":"Government of Hungary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015269","name":"Government of Hungary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fumonisin B1, T-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol are frequently detected in feed materials. The mycotoxins induce free radical formation and, thereby, lipid peroxidation. The effects of mycotoxin exposure at the EU recommended limit (T-2\/HT-2 toxin: 0.25 mg\/kg; DON = 3AcDON\/15-AScDON: 5 mg\/kg; fumonisin B1: 20 mg\/kg) and double dose (T-2\/HT-2 toxin: 0.5 mg\/kg, DON\/3-AcDON\/15-AcDON: 10 mg, and FB1: 40 mg\/kg feed) were investigated during short-term (3 days) per os exposure in the liver of laying hens. On day 1 higher while on day 3 lower MDA concentrations were found in the low-dose group compared to the control. Fatty acid composition also changed: the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids increased (p &lt; 0.05) and the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased by day 3. These alterations resulted in a decrease in the index of unsaturation and average fatty acid chain length. Histopathological alterations suggested that the incidence and severity of liver lesions were higher in the mycotoxin-treated laying hens, and the symptoms correlated with the fatty acid profile of total phospholipids. Overall, the findings revealed that mycotoxin exposure, even at the EU-recommended limits, induced lipid peroxidation in the liver, which led to changes in fatty acid composition, matched with tissue damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16040179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T06:04:58Z","timestamp":1712556298000},"page":"179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Effect of Combined Exposure of Fusarium Mycotoxins on Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Defense, Fatty Acid Profile, and Histopathology in Laying Hens\u2019 Liver"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Szabina","family":"Kulcs\u00e1r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151 Campus, H-2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary"},{"name":"HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janka","family":"Turb\u00f3k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gy\u00f6rgy","family":"K\u00f6v\u00e9r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Breeding Sciences, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9435-4568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kriszti\u00e1n","family":"Balogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151 Campus, H-2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary"},{"name":"HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Z\u00e1ndoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrik","family":"G\u00f6mb\u00f6s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6570-0161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omeralfaroug","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5315-0024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposv\u00e1r, Hungary"},{"name":"Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2323-833X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"M\u00e9zes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151 Campus, H-2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary"},{"name":"HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, January 10). 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