{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:00:34Z","timestamp":1792180834653,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":202,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) has emerged as a key therapeutic agent for the management of spasticity. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis of research concerning BoNT-A treatment of spasticity to elucidate current trends and future directions in this research area. A search was conducted in the Web of Science database for articles focused on the use of BoNT-A in spasticity published between 2000 and 2022. We extracted various metrics, including counts of publications and contributions from different countries, institutions, authors, and journals. Analytical methods in CiteSpace were employed for the examination of co-citations, collaborations, and the co-occurrence of keywords. Our search yielded 1489 publications. Analysis revealed a consistent annual increase in research output. The United States, United Kingdom, and Italy were the leading contributors. The top institution in this research was Assistance Publique Hopitaux, Paris. The journal containing the highest number of relevant publications was Toxins. Key frequently occurring keywords were \u2018stroke\u2019, \u2018cerebral palsy\u2019, \u2018adult spasticity\u2019, and \u2018upper extremity\u2019. This study identified 12 clusters of keywords and 15 clusters of co-cited references, indicating the main focus areas and emerging themes in this field. This study comprehensively analyzed and summarized trends in BoNT-A research in the field of spasticity over the past 22 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16040184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T08:55:12Z","timestamp":1712652912000},"page":"184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Role of Botulinum Toxin Type-A in Spasticity: Research Trends from a Bibliometric Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6748-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Facciorusso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spasticity and Movement Disorders \u201cReSTaRt\u201d, Unit Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Section, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7220-4016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Spina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spasticity and Movement Disorders \u201cReSTaRt\u201d, Unit Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Section, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3558-8276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Picelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8440-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Baricich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard E.","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Molteni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center, Valduce Hospital Como, 23845 Costa Masnaga, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6238-3578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Wissel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation and Physical Therapy, Vivantes Hospital Spandau, 13585 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1452-8485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Santamato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spasticity and Movement Disorders \u201cReSTaRt\u201d, Unit Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Section, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280400014576","article-title":"Spasticity: Clinical Perceptions, Neurological Realities and Meaningful Measurement","volume":"27","author":"Pandyan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Disabil. 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