{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:01:02Z","timestamp":1791932462523,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008431","name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n (Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VA033G19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA033G19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Programa Estancias Cortas Postdoctorales 2023, Fundaci\u00f3n Carolina-Universidad Nacional del Nordeste","award":["VA033G19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA033G19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The control of crop diseases caused by fungi remains a major problem and there is a need to find effective fungicides that are environmentally friendly. Plants are an excellent source for this purpose because they have developed defense mechanisms to cope with fungal infections. Among the plant proteins that play a role in defense are ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), enzymes obtained mainly from angiosperms that, in addition to inactivating ribosomes, have been studied as antiviral, fungicidal, and insecticidal proteins. In this review, we summarize and discuss the potential use of RIPs (and other proteins with similar activity) as antifungal agents, with special emphasis on RIP\/fungus specificity, possible mechanisms of antifungal action, and the use of RIP genes to obtain fungus-resistant transgenic plants. It also highlights the fact that these proteins also have antiviral and insecticidal activity, which makes them very versatile tools for crop protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16040192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T11:53:53Z","timestamp":1713182033000},"page":"192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antifungal Activity of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rosario","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3784-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Citores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9561-2090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia C.","family":"Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Protein Research, Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (UNNE-CONICET), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes 3400, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4816-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Ferreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.32607\/actanaturae.11026","article-title":"Infectious Plant Diseases: Etiology, Current Status, Problems and Prospects in Plant Protection","volume":"12","author":"Nazarov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Nat."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.21010\/ajtcam.v14i4.14","article-title":"The use of plants to protect plants and food against fungal pathogens","volume":"14","author":"Shuping","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr. 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