{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:29:32Z","timestamp":1790620172288,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology (NER-BPMC), Govt. of India","award":["BT\/PR24531\/NER\/95\/755\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR24531\/NER\/95\/755\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology (NER-BPMC), Govt. of India","award":["DST-FIST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DST-FIST"]}]},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology (NER-BPMC), Govt. of India","award":["PIRSES-GA-2013-612131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIRSES-GA-2013-612131"]}]},{"name":"department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University","award":["BT\/PR24531\/NER\/95\/755\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR24531\/NER\/95\/755\/2017"]}]},{"name":"department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University","award":["DST-FIST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DST-FIST"]}]},{"name":"department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University","award":["PIRSES-GA-2013-612131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIRSES-GA-2013-612131"]}]},{"name":"European Union Seventh Framework Programme","award":["BT\/PR24531\/NER\/95\/755\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR24531\/NER\/95\/755\/2017"]}]},{"name":"European Union Seventh Framework Programme","award":["DST-FIST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DST-FIST"]}]},{"name":"European Union Seventh Framework Programme","award":["PIRSES-GA-2013-612131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIRSES-GA-2013-612131"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Green pit viper bites induce mild toxicity with painful local swelling, blistering, cellulitis, necrosis, ecchymosis and consumptive coagulopathy. Several bite cases of green pit vipers have been reported in several south-east Asian countries including the north-eastern region of India. The present study describes isolation and characterization of a haemostatically active protein from Trimeresurus erythrurus venom responsible for coagulopathy. Using a two-step chromatographic method, a snake venom serine protease erythrofibrase was purified to homogeneity. SDS-PAGE of erythrofibrase showed a single band of ~30 kDa in both reducing and non-reducing conditions. The primary structure of erythrofibrase was determined by ESI LC-MS\/MS, and the partial sequence obtained showed 77% sequence similarity with other snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (SVTLEs). The partial sequence obtained had the typical 12 conserved cysteine residues, as well as the active site residues (His57, Asp102 and Ser195). Functionally, erythrofibrase showed direct fibrinogenolytic activity by degrading the A\u03b1 chain of bovine fibrinogen at a slow rate, which might be responsible for causing hypofibrinogenemia and incoagulable blood for several days in envenomated patients. Moreover, the inability of Indian polyvalent antivenom (manufactured by Premium Serum Pvt. Ltd., Maharashtra, India) to neutralize the thrombin-like and plasmin-like activity of erythrofibrase can be correlated with the clinical inefficacy of antivenom therapy. This is the first study reporting an \u03b1-fibrinogenase enzyme erythrofibrase from T. erythrurus venom, which is crucial for the pathophysiological manifestations observed in envenomated victims.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16040201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T06:10:18Z","timestamp":1713766218000},"page":"201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Isolation and Functional Characterization of Erythrofibrase: An Alfa-Fibrinogenase Enzyme from Trimeresurus erythrurus Venom of North-East India"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Susmita","family":"Thakur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Toxinology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafika","family":"Yasmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Toxinology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1738-9046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Ecology and Evolution at Bangor, School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hmar Tlawmte","family":"Lalremsanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Biology and Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Santra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society for Nature Conservation, Research and Community Engagement (CONCERN), Nalikul 712407, West Bengal, India"},{"name":"Captive and Field Herpetology, 13 Hirfron, Anglesey LL65 1YU, UK"},{"name":"Shree Sainath Surgical and Maternity Hospital, Valsad 396050, Gujrat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5993-0670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surajit","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Demow Government Community Health Centre, Raichai, Konwar Dihingia Gaon, Sivasagar 785662, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Doley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Toxinology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpaic.2019.01.005","article-title":"Physiology of haemostasis","volume":"20","author":"Zaidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesth. 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