{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:01:09Z","timestamp":1780084869543,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merz Therapeutics GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Movement disorders such as cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm negatively impact the quality of life of people living with these conditions. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections are commonly used to treat these disorders. We sought to describe patient characteristics, BoNT utilization, and potential adverse events (AEs) among patients with cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm using Optum\u2019s de-identified Clinformatics\u00ae Data Mart Database. Patients were required to have a diagnosis of the specific condition plus evidence of treatment with BoNT between 8\/1\/2010 and 5\/31\/2022. Cervical dystonia patients were commonly females (76%) and aged 45 and older (78%); both blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm patients were commonly females (both 69%) and aged 65 and older (61% and 56%, respectively). Anticholinergics were commonly used (65\u201382% across cohorts), as were peripheral muscle relaxants for cervical dystonia patients specifically (31%). The median number of injections per year was 2 with the median weeks between injections being between 13 and 15. Of the AEs evaluated, dyspnea was identified frequently across all the cohorts (14\u201320%). The findings were similar for different BoNT formulations. More research is needed to thoroughly describe BoNT utilization, such as the doses injected, and to optimize treatment for patients with these conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16080362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T04:29:57Z","timestamp":1723782597000},"page":"362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Patient Characteristics and Real-World Use of Botulinum Toxins for the Treatment of Cervical Dystonia, Blepharospasm, and Hemifacial Spasm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Hast","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Merz Therapeutics, Raleigh, NC 27615, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6210-4185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aetion, New York, NY 10001, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaina","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aetion, New York, NY 10001, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0522-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo","family":"Back","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aetion, New York, NY 10001, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aetion, New York, NY 10001, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merz Therapeutics, Raleigh, NC 27615, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13524","article-title":"The prevalence of idiopathic or inherited isolated dystonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Medina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. 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