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Urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-targeted drugs are only emerging, so neither their efficacy nor toxicity is fully established. Recombinant eBAT was created by combining cytokines EGF and uPA on the same single-chain molecule with truncated Pseudomonas toxin. Its purpose was to simultaneously target tumors and their vasculature in the tumor microenvironment. In prior studies on mice and dogs, the drug proved efficacious. Here, we report the safety of eBAT in normal wildtype, uPAR knockout, and immunoreplete and immunodeficient tumor-bearing mice, as well as in dogs with spontaneous sarcoma that more closely mirror human cancer onset. In immunocompetent mice, tumor-bearing mice, uPAR knockout mice, and mice receiving species-optimized eBAT, toxicities were mild and self-limiting. Likewise, in dogs with life-threatening sarcoma given dosages found to be biologically active, eBAT was well tolerated. In mice receiving higher doses, eBAT was associated with dose-dependent evidence of liver injury, including portal biliary hyperplasia, oval cell proliferation, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, periportal hepatocellular microvesicular change, hemorrhage, necrosis, and apoptosis. The results support continuing the clinical development of eBAT as a therapeutic agent for individuals with sarcoma and other cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16090376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T03:14:31Z","timestamp":1724642071000},"page":"376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Toxicity Profile of eBAT, a Bispecific Ligand-Targeted Toxin Directed to EGFR and uPAR, in Mice and a Clinical Dog Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rose H.","family":"Dicovitsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill T.","family":"Schappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 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