{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:59:26Z","timestamp":1791575966728,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad del Cauca","award":["501100005682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["501100005682"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ophidism is a public health problem in tropical countries, occurring predominantly in rural areas. In Colombia, among the species responsible for snakebite envenomation, inflicting high mortality, is the Chocoan bushmaster, Lachesis acrochorda, better known locally by the names \u201cverrugosa (warty)\u201d and \u201cpudridora (rot-causing)\u201d. In this research, the cardiotoxic effect of the venom of L. acrochorda in male Wistar rats weighing 230 \u00b1 20 g was evaluated. A statistical design of randomized blocks was implemented with three treated groups, injected with lyophilized venom (doses of 3.22 \u03bcg\/g, 6.43 \u03bcg\/g, 12.86 \u03bcg\/g), and a control group injected with 0.9% saline solution. Electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings were taken from the anesthetized animals, revealing an increase in the amplitude of the P and T waves and an increase in the duration of the QT intervals in the electrocardiographic recordings. These increases were not observed in the control biomodels. In the analysis of the CK and CK-MB enzyme levels, increases were also observed in the levels of cardiac isoenzymes in the injected animals, but none in the control animals. The histopathological analyses carried out reveal that the injected animals showed effects such as interfibrillar and perivascular edema, cellular shortening of the cardiomyocytes, foci with tissue destructuring, and necrosis with contraction bands. In conclusion, the venom of the Lachesis acrochorda snake increases the P and T waves and the QT interval and increases the CK and CK-MB enzymes in the blood. Additionally, it causes interfibrillar and perivascular edema in the cardiac tissue, cardiocytolysis, and contraction bands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16090377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T07:52:08Z","timestamp":1724831528000},"page":"377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cardiotoxic Effects of Lachesis acrochorda Snake Venom in Anesthetized Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5517-5674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen Leonor","family":"\u00c1ngel-Camilo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetol\u00f3gicas y Toxinol\u00f3gicas (GIHT), Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas\u2014Bioterio (CIBUC-Bioterio), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad del Cauca, Popay\u00e1n 190003, Colombia"},{"name":"Programas de Pos-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cias, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2973-6399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Luz","family":"Bueno-Ospina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetol\u00f3gicas y Toxinol\u00f3gicas (GIHT), Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas\u2014Bioterio (CIBUC-Bioterio), Programa de Maestr\u00eda en Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad del Cauca, Popay\u00e1n 190003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivonne Carolina","family":"Bola\u00f1os Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetol\u00f3gicas y Toxinol\u00f3gicas (GIHT), Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas\u2014Bioterio (CIBUC-Bioterio), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad del Cauca, Popay\u00e1n 190003, Colombia"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8449-763X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Ayerbe-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetol\u00f3gicas y Toxinol\u00f3gicas (GIHT), Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas\u2014Bioterio (CIBUC-Bioterio), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad del Cauca, Popay\u00e1n 190003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0873-6931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Beltr\u00e1n-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetol\u00f3gicas y Toxinol\u00f3gicas (GIHT), Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas\u2014Bioterio (CIBUC-Bioterio), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad del Cauca, Popay\u00e1n 190003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9238-4432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Producci\u00f3n y Sanidad en Ciencias Veterinarias y Zootecnias (PROSAVEZ), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria San Mart\u00edn, Cali 760001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Inmunolog\u00eda y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Patolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Cauca, Popay\u00e1n 190003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0193-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimmy Alexander","family":"Guerrero-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetol\u00f3gicas y Toxinol\u00f3gicas (GIHT), Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas\u2014Bioterio (CIBUC-Bioterio), Museo de Historia Natural, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Doctorado en Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad del Cauca, Popay\u00e1n 190003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.11.020","article-title":"Snakebite Envenoming from a Global Perspective: Towards an Integrated Approach","volume":"56","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.5853","article-title":"Aspectos Biom\u00e9dicos y Epidemiol\u00f3gicos Del Accidente Of\u00eddico En El Departamento Del Cauca, Colombia, 2009\u20132018","volume":"41","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biom\u00e9dica"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.06.009","article-title":"Disorders on Cardiovascular Parameters in Rats and in Human Blood Cells Caused by Lachesis Acrochorda Snake 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