{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:45:41Z","timestamp":1792791941211,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21K05920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K05920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R3-no.18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R3-no.18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015103","name":"Japan Racing Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21K05920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K05920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015103","name":"Japan Racing Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R3-no.18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R3-no.18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The widespread presence of Fusarium mycotoxins in animal feed is a global issue, not only for the health of livestock but also for ensure the safety of food as an end product. High concentrations of zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) have been detected in the diets of Japanese Black (JB) and Holstein Friesian (HF) breeding herds. Consequently, we monitored serum biochemical parameters over a long time in both herds, focusing on anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) levels and acute-phase inflammation. Additionally, urinary 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and progesterone levels were measured in the HF herd. The JB herd, a ZEN-dominant model with low DON contamination, demonstrated ZEN levels that exceeded the Japanese limit in the purchased total mixed rations (TMR). Conversely, the HF herd, which primary consumes DON-dominant feed with low ZEN contamination, had high DON levels in the dent corn silage. Specifically, the JB herd\u2019s TMR contained 1.79 mg\/kg ZEN and 0.58 mg\/kg DON, whereas the HF herd\u2019s silage had 15.3 mg\/kg DON (dried sample) and 0.1 mg\/kg ZEN. Enzyme-linked immunoassay were used to measure urinary ZEN-DON levels following confirmation through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary ZEN-DON levels measured were significantly correlated (p &lt; 0.05, r &gt; 0.6) in both herds. In the HF herd, AMH levels increased (p = 0.01) and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels decreased (p = 0.02) when contaminated and at the end of the monitoring period. Additionally, urinary ZEN and DON levels were significantly correlated with SAA levels (ZEN: p = 0.00, r = 0.46; DON: p = 0.03, r = 0.33), with an increase in ZEN and DON levels resulting in higher SAA levels. The JB herd showed no significant differences. Additionally, in the HF herd, 8-OHdG\/Cre levels increased significantly during major contamination periods (p &lt; 0.05). Clinical data from the HF herd indicated an increase in mastitis cases and treatment rates during periods of major contamination. Abortion rates in the HF herd decreased from 22.9% (before monitoring) to 8.9% (during the high contamination period) and finally to 1% (at the end of the monitoring period), with corresponding increases in progesterone levels. ZEN-DON contamination adversely affects breeding cattle\u2019s productivity, reproductive performance, and health. Therefore, monitoring urinary ZEN-DON is valuable for detecting contaminants and ensuring the safety of food products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16090402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T09:49:19Z","timestamp":1726652959000},"page":"402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exposure of Cattle Breeding Herds to Naturally Co-Contaminated Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol: The Relevance of a Urinary Mycotoxin Monitoring System for Herd Health and Food Safety"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0073-1394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oky Setyo","family":"Widodo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiichi","family":"Uno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiko","family":"Kokushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4430-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamu","family":"Yamato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"},{"name":"Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Fariz Fadillah","family":"Mardianto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urara","family":"Shinya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soo Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Kagoshima 899-8212, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuto","family":"Kano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soo Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Kagoshima 899-8212, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiho","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Center of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Fushimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guardian Co., Ltd., Kagoshima 890-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsushi","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayasu","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan"},{"name":"Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"},{"name":"Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12178","article-title":"Fungi and mycotox ins in silage: An overview","volume":"115","author":"Alonso","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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