{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:40:38Z","timestamp":1791567638130,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous proteomic studies of viperid venom revealed that it is mainly composed of metalloproteinases (SVMPs), serine proteinases (SVSPs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and C-type lectins (CTLs). However, other proteins appear in minor amounts that affect prey and need to be identified. This study aimed to identify novel toxic proteins in the venom gland transcriptome of Bothrops asper and Bothrops jararaca, using data from NCBI. Bioinformatics tools were used to assemble, identify, and compare potentially novel proteins in both species, and we performed functional annotation with BLASTX against the NR database. While previous assemblies have been performed for B. jararaca, this is the first assembly of the B. asper venom gland transcriptome. Proteins with potentially novel functions were identified, including arylsulfatase and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, among others, that could have implications for venom toxicity. These results suggest that the identified proteins may contribute to venom toxic variation and provide new opportunities for antivenom research. The study improves the understanding of the protein composition of Bothrops venom and suggests new possibilities for the development of treatments and antivenoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16120511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T08:17:42Z","timestamp":1732695462000},"page":"511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exploring the Venom Gland Transcriptome of Bothrops asper and Bothrops jararaca: De Novo Assembly and Analysis of Novel Toxic Proteins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0032-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Esp\u00edn-Angulo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador, Quito 170525, Ecuador"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica Evolutiva, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador, Quito 170525, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7690-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doris","family":"Vela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador, Quito 170525, Ecuador"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica Evolutiva, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador, Quito 170525, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bhide, K. 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