{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T03:13:49Z","timestamp":1780110829230,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Region Pays de la Loire","award":["2017, SODIVASC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017, SODIVASC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The vegetal alkaloid toxin veratridine (VTD) is a selective voltage-gated Na+ (NaV) channel activator, widely used as a pharmacological tool in vascular physiology. We have previously shown that NaV channels, expressed in arteries, contribute to vascular tone in mouse mesenteric arteries (MAs). Here, we aimed to better characterize the mechanisms of action of VTD using mouse cecocolic arteries (CAs), a model of resistance artery. Using wire myography, we found that VTD induced vasorelaxation in mouse CAs. This VTD-induced relaxation was insensitive to prazosin, an \u03b11-adrenergic receptor antagonist, but abolished by atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist. Indeed, VTD\u2013vasorelaxant effect was totally inhibited by the NaV channel blocker tetrodotoxin (0.3 \u00b5M), the NO synthase inhibitor L-NNA (20 \u00b5M), and low extracellular Na+ concentration (14.9 mM) and was partially blocked by the NCX1 antagonist SEA0400 (45.4% at 1 \u00b5M). Thus, we assumed that the VTD-induced vasorelaxation in CAs was due to acetylcholine release by parasympathetic neurons, which induced NO synthase activation mediated by the NCX1-Ca2+ entry mode in endothelial cells (ECs). We demonstrated NCX1 expression in ECs by RT-qPCR and immunohisto- and western immunolabelling. VTD did not induce an increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), while SEA0400 partially blocked acetylcholine-triggered [Ca2+]i elevations in Mile Sven 1 ECs. Altogether, these results illustrate that VTD activates NaV channels in parasympathetic neurons and then vasorelaxation in resistance arteries, which could explain arterial hypotension after VTD intoxication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16120533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T08:40:10Z","timestamp":1733820010000},"page":"533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Veratridine Induces Vasorelaxation in Mouse Cecocolic Mesenteric Arteries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Joohee","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarME, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5822-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Sahyoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarME, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Department of Cell Culture, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacinthe","family":"Frangieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarME, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Department of Cell Culture, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7143-5966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"R\u00e9thor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarME, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coralyne","family":"Proux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarME, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5070-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Grimaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarME, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9017-6349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Vessi\u00e8res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarME, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Bourreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarME, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2214-2611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Mattei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarME, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1094-0285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Henrion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarME, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0962-9756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Marionneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, CNRS, INSERM, l\u2019Institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6502-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziad","family":"Fajloun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Department of Cell Culture, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Legendre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. 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