{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T10:33:09Z","timestamp":1785234789232,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Post\u2013Graduate Provost Board (DPG) of the University of Bras\u00edlia","award":["001\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Post\u2013Graduate Provost Board (DPG) of the University of Bras\u00edlia","award":["002\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["002\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Post\u2013Graduate Provost Board (DPG) of the University of Bras\u00edlia","award":["132427\/2019-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["132427\/2019-2"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["002\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["002\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["132427\/2019-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["132427\/2019-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The frequency and intensity of harmful cyanobacterial blooms have increased in the last decades, posing a risk to public health since conventional water treatments do not effectively remove extracellular cyanotoxins. Consequently, advanced technologies such as the Fenton process are required to ensure water safety. The cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) demands special attention, as it is abundant in the extracellular fraction and has a high toxicological potential. Hence, this study aimed to assess the application of the Fenton process for the oxidation of CYN spiked in natural water from Parano\u00e1 Lake (Bras\u00edlia, Brazil). The H2O2\/Fe(II) molar ratio was evaluated from 0.2 to 3.4, with an optimum molar ratio of 0.4, achieving a CYN degradation efficiency of 97.8% when using 100 \u00b5M of H2O2 and 250 \u00b5M of Fe(II). The CYN degradation efficiency, using 75 \u00b5M of H2O2 and 187.5 \u00b5M of Fe(II), decreased by increasing the initial pH (from 96.2% at pH 2 to 23.0% at pH 9) and the initial CYN concentration (from 93.7% at 0.05 \u00b5M of CYN to 85.0% at 0.2 \u00b5M of CYN). At the optimum H2O2\/Fe(II) molar ratio of 0.4, the hydroxy radical scavengers tested (124.3 \u00b5M C of algogenic organic matter, 5 mg L\u22121 of humic acid, and 513.3 \u00b5M of methanol) did not considerably affect the CYN degradation, reaching a maximum CYN degradation reduction from 98.3% to 82.2%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16120536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T03:52:49Z","timestamp":1733975569000},"page":"536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Degradation of Cylindrospermopsin Spiked in Natural Water (Parano\u00e1 Lake, Bras\u00edlia, Brazil) by Fenton Process: A Bench\u2013Scale Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Matheus Almeida","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Technology and Water Resources Postgraduate Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9410-4921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Celia Silveira","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Technology and Water Resources Postgraduate Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yovanka P\u00e9rez","family":"Ginoris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Technology and Water Resources Postgraduate Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0040-1","article-title":"Cyanobacterial Blooms","volume":"16","author":"Huisman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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