{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:15:42Z","timestamp":1787030142466,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The therapeutic benefit of the oral adsorbent drug AST-120 in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is related to an indoxyl sulfate (IS)-lowering action. Diabetes and dyslipidemia might worsen kidney damage in CKD. However, it is not known whether AST-120 influences lipid abnormalities as well as renal function in patients with CKD and diabetes. The objective of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of AST-120 treatment in CKD using data from preclinical studies. Mixed-effect or random-effect models were used to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was assessed with a funnel plot and Egger\u2019s test. The potential influence of some variables (the dose and duration of AST-120 treatment, the animal species, and the CKD model\u2019s diabetic status) was evaluated in subgroup analyses. Treatment with AST-120 was associated with a significantly lower IS level in animals with CKD (SMD = \u22121.75; 95% CI = \u22122.00, \u22121.49; p &lt; 0.001). Significant improvements in markers of renal function and the lipid profile were also observed. In subgroup analyses of the cholesterol level, the diabetic status, the AST-120 dose, and the animal species were found to be influential factors. AST-120 lowered serum IS and triglyceride levels and improved renal function in animal models of CKD independent of diabetes status. However, AST-120\u2019s ability to lower the total cholesterol level was more prominent in animals with diabetic CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16120544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T10:08:53Z","timestamp":1734343733000},"page":"544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Ability of AST-120 to Lower the Serum Indoxyl Sulfate Level Improves Renal Outcomes and the Lipid Profile in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Animal Models of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hande O.","family":"Altunkaynak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, 06018 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eda","family":"Karaismailoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, 06018 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziad A.","family":"Massy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association pour L\u2019utilisation du rein Artificiel en R\u00e9gion Parisienne (AURA), 75014 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, CHU Ambroise Par\u00e9, APHP, Boulogne Billancourt, 92100 Paris Cedex, France"},{"name":"Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, University Paris-Saclay, University Versailles-Saint Quentin, Inserm UMRS 1018, Clinical Epidemiology Team, 94000 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2018.1561376","article-title":"Review of the efficacy of AST-120 (KREMEZIN\u00ae) on renal function in chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"41","author":"Asai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ren. 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