{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:12:26Z","timestamp":1787029946324,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2023 Provincial College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project","award":["S202310364057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202310364057"]}]},{"name":"2023 Provincial College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project","award":["2023A25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A25"]}]},{"name":"Huainan Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["S202310364057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202310364057"]}]},{"name":"Huainan Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2023A25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A25"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin commonly found in moldy cereals and has a range of toxic effects that have seriously affected animal husbandry. Rutin, a natural flavonoid with antioxidant activities, has been studied for its potential involvement in mitigating ZEA-induced apoptosis in porcine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and its potential molecular mechanism, particularly concerning the expression of Nrf2. This study investigates the molecular pathways by which rutin alleviates ZEA-induced ESC apoptosis, focusing on the role of Nrf2. Experimental data reveal that ZEA suppresses Nrf2 nuclear translocation and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), leading to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and mitochondrial pathway-driven apoptosis. Notably, rutin mitigates ZEA-induced apoptosis through Nrf2 activation. These findings highlight Nrf2 as a critical factor in rutin\u2019s protective effects against ZEA-induced apoptosis, offering valuable insights for the clinical prevention and treatment of ZEA toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T21:13:18Z","timestamp":1735247598000},"page":"7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rutin Alleviates Zearalenone-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Pathway Apoptosis in Porcine Endometrial Stromal Cells by Promoting the Expression of Nrf2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chuangjiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenlong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengya","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajid Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Emergency Management, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changjiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huangyuan County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Huangyuan County Agriculture and Rural affairs Bureau, Xining 812100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8668-0171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5096-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xichun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.10.008","article-title":"Zearalenone exposure impairs organelle function during porcine oocyte meiotic maturation","volume":"177","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e04851","article-title":"Scientific opinion: Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed","volume":"15","author":"Knutsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13917","article-title":"Effects of experimental exposure to zearalenone on reproductive system morphometry, plasma oestrogen levels, and oocyte quality of beef heifer","volume":"56","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. 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