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hydrostatic pressure (HHP) has been used for viral inactivation to facilitate vaccine development when immunogenicity is maintained or even increased. In this work, we used HHP to inactivate Bothrops jararacussu venom. Our protocol promotes the loss of or decrease in many biological activities in venom. Horses were immunized with pressurized venom, and in contrast to native venom, this procedure does not induce any damage to animals. Furthermore, the serum obtained with pressurized venom efficiently neutralized all biological activities of B. jararacussu venom. Antibody titrations were higher in serum produced with pressurized venom compared to that produced by native venom, and this antivenom was not only effective against the venom of B. jararacussu but against the venom of other species and genera. In conclusion, our data show a new technique for producing hyperimmune serum using venom inactivated by HHP, and this method is associated with a reduction in toxic effects in immunized animals and higher potency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17020088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T08:01:19Z","timestamp":1739433679000},"page":"88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bothrops jararacussu Venom Inactivated by High Hydrostatic Pressure Enhances the Immunogenicity Response in Horses and Triggers Unexpected Cross-Reactivity with Other Snake Venoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Teixeira-Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioqu\u00edmica M\u00e9dica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Vital Brazil, Niter\u00f3i 24230-410, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa Carvalho","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias 25240-005, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2022-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Correa-Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioqu\u00edmica M\u00e9dica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Vital Brazil, Niter\u00f3i 24230-410, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Eduardo Ribeiro","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Vital Brazil, Niter\u00f3i 24230-410, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Foguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioqu\u00edmica M\u00e9dica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3156-6923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russolina Benedeta","family":"Zingali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioqu\u00edmica M\u00e9dica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190083","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0083","article-title":"The WHO strategy for prevention and control of snakebite envenoming: A sub-Saharan Africa plan","volume":"25","author":"Chippaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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