{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:04:31Z","timestamp":1760058271796,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AbbVie"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dysphagia is prevalent in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) and is a potential adverse event in patients treated with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) for CD. Real-world studies may provide a better understanding of the incidence and potential risk factors of dysphagia after BoNT administration. This retrospective cohort study used longitudinal patient-level data from Optum\u2019s de-identified Market Clarity Data to evaluate rates of dysphagia in patients with CD exposed and unexposed to BoNT. Patients \u226518 years of age with \u22652 CD diagnoses \u226530 days apart during the study period (1 January 2017\u201330 September 2021) who had \u2265180 days of continuous health plan enrollment prior to the cohort entry date (first CD diagnosis) were included. Overall, the mean (SD) age of all CD patients (Cohort 1; N = 81,884) was 54.00 (16.21) years, and they were mostly female (67.9%) and white (76.96%). BoNT-Exposed patients (Cohort 2; N = 19,244) had a higher incidence of dysphagia (16.3%) and comorbid conditions when compared with BoNT-Unexposed patients (Cohort 3; N = 61,154 [12.1%]). Overall, patients with pre-existing dysphagia, other dystonias, and comorbid neurologic conditions at baseline also had higher proportions of dysphagia. This real-world analysis indicates that comorbid conditions predispose patients with CD to a greater dysphagia risk during treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17030148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T07:48:37Z","timestamp":1742370517000},"page":"148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence of Dysphagia and Comorbidities in Patients with Cervical Dystonia, Analyzed by Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment Exposure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Barbano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Jabbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AbbVie, Irvine, CA 92612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahunna","family":"Ukah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AbbVie, Irvine, CA 92612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AbbVie, Irvine, CA 92612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5303-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly","family":"Becker Ifantides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AbbVie, Irvine, CA 92612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuo-Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AbbVie, Irvine, CA 92612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3317-2867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Swope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortiz, R., Scheperjans, F., Mertsalmi, T., and Pekkonen, E. 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