{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:52:17Z","timestamp":1780451537928,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union-NextGenerationEU","award":["BG-RRP-2.004-0009-C02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG-RRP-2.004-0009-C02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>All parts of Alocasia \u00d7 amazonica (A. amazonica, Araceae) pose a toxicological risk due to oxalate production. Ingestion of the plant extract may cause multi-organ damage and fatal outcomes. Given the rarity of poisoning cases, its toxicological profile and systemic effects remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to investigate and report an appropriate approach to managing a patient intoxicated with A. amazonica (Araceae). A case of intentional self-poisoning with A. amazonica is presented. The patient, a 63-year-old woman, ingested approximately 200\u2013300 mL of liquid prepared from the grated root of the plant. The initial clinical presentation involved localized injuries to the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, including severe pain, hoarseness, aphonia, dysphagia, mucosal erosions, and necrosis. Additional symptoms included hematinic vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort. These superficial and mucosal lesions resolved without the development of adhesions. Systemic effects comprised impaired consciousness indicative of encephalopathy, early metabolic acidosis, pulmonary edema with acute respiratory insufficiency, mild liver dysfunction, and hematuria. The therapeutic protocol for oral poisoning management was appropriate, leading to the patient\u2019s discharge after 20 days of hospitalization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17040189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T05:28:07Z","timestamp":1744262887000},"page":"189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Poisoning from Alocasia \u00d7 amazonica Roots: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0528-0289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanila","family":"Stoeva-Grigorova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 \u201cTsar Osvoboditel\u201d Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1845-2753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stela","family":"Dragomanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 \u201cTsar Osvoboditel\u201d Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5778-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maya","family":"Radeva-Ilieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 \u201cTsar Osvoboditel\u201d Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5041-1620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Kehayova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 \u201cTsar Osvoboditel\u201d Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simeonka","family":"Dimitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 \u201cTsar Osvoboditel\u201d Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simeon","family":"Marinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petko","family":"Marinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 \u201cTsar Osvoboditel\u201d Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0744-3766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieta","family":"Yovcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Toxicology Department, Naval Hospital, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4502-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snezha","family":"Zlateva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 \u201cTsar Osvoboditel\u201d Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"The Importance of Foliar Anatomy in the Taxonomy of the Genus Alocasia (Schott) G","volume":"12","author":"Arogundade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Don. 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