{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:42:49Z","timestamp":1791891769738,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]],"date-time":"2025-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A5A2019413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A5A2019413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, affecting over 8.5 million people as of 2019. While standard pharmacological treatments help alleviate symptoms, their long-term use can lead to side effects such as dyskinesia. Bee venom acupuncture (BVA) involves the use of a natural toxin derived from bees that can be used for pain relief and treating neurological disorders. This study aimed to review the efficacy and safety of BVA for the treatment of PD. This review protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251000577). We searched eight databases in February 2025 and selected 12 studies involving 215 PD patients treated with BVA. Idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease (IPD) is the most common diagnosis. The concentration and dosage per session ranged from 0.03 to 0.1 mg\/mL and from 0.1 to 1.0 mL, respectively. Twenty-four different outcome measures were used, with the Unified PD Rating Scale employed in 91.7% of the studies. All studies reported improvements in outcomes. Mild adverse effects such as swelling and itching were noted in four studies (33.3%); however, no severe reactions such as anaphylactic shock occurred. These findings suggest that BVA has the potential for broader clinical applications in the treatment of PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17040204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]],"date-time":"2025-04-20T20:24:16Z","timestamp":1745180656000},"page":"204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effectiveness of Bee Venom Injection for Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3651-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyein","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02446, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4868-9145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyeong Han","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 55338, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2345-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong-gyu","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02446, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, March 24). 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Toxins, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16110501"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sung, S.-H., Lee, H.-J., Han, J.-E., Sung, A.D.-M., Park, M., Shin, S., Jeong, H.I., Jang, S., and Lee, G. (2023). Bee Venom Acupuncture for Neck Pain: A Review of the Korean Literature. Toxins, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15020129"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko, S.-H., Oh, H.-M., Kwon, D.-Y., Yang, J.-E., Kim, B.-J., Ha, H.-J., Lim, E.-J., Oh, M.-S., Son, C.-G., and Lee, E.-J. (2022). Incidence Rate of Bee Venom Acupuncture Related Anaphylaxis: A Systematic Review. Toxins, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14040238"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.04.030","article-title":"Effectiveness of Acupuncture and Bee Venom Acupuncture in Idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Park. Relat. 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Dis."}],"container-title":["Toxins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/17\/4\/204\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:18:09Z","timestamp":1760030289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/17\/4\/204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["toxins17040204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins17040204","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6651","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]]}}}