{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T05:04:34Z","timestamp":1792904674667,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"College of Integrative Studies at Abdullah Al Salem University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a significant challenge in global healthcare, necessitating innovative techniques to address multidrug-resistant pathogens. Multidrug-resistant pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pose significant public health threats, as they are increasingly resistant to common antibiotics, leading to more severe and difficult-to-treat infections. These pathogens are part of the ESKAPE group, which includes Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter species. Animal venoms, derived from a wide range of species such as snakes, scorpions, spiders, bees, wasps, and ants, represent a rich source of bioactive peptides. Venoms have been a valuable source for drug discovery, providing unique compounds with therapeutic potential. Venom-derived drugs are known for their increased bioactivity, specificity, and stability compared to synthetic alternatives. These compounds are being investigated for various conditions, including treatments for diabetes, pain relief, cancer, and infections, showcasing their remarkable antimicrobial efficacy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive investigation into the potential of venom-derived compounds for developing new antimicrobial agents, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic therapeutics. Key venom components, including melittin from bee venom, phospholipase A2 from snake venom, and chlorotoxin from scorpion venom, exhibit potent antimicrobial effects through mechanisms such as membrane disruption, enzymatic inhibition, and immune modulation. We also explore the challenges related to the development and clinical use of venom-derived antimicrobials, including toxicity, stability, and delivery mechanisms. These compounds hold immense promise as transformative tools against resistant pathogens, offering a unique avenue for groundbreaking advancements in antimicrobial research and therapeutic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17050238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T06:17:08Z","timestamp":1747030628000},"page":"238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Potential of Venom-Derived Compounds for the Development of New Antimicrobial Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5931-7412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esraa Yasser","family":"Rabea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esraa Dakrory","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada Khaled","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erada Rabea","family":"Ansary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud Roushdy","family":"Alrouby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabab Reda","family":"Shehata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef Yasser","family":"Mokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Arullampalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8789-8567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1957-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Sabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Integrative Studies, Abdullah Al Salem University, Khaldiya 72303, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3441-9673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarek Mohamed","family":"Abd El-Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"},{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00639-z","article-title":"Infectious disease in an era of global change","volume":"20","author":"Baker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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