{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:59:53Z","timestamp":1774126793951,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II","award":["prot. N. 0039359, 20\/04\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["prot. N. 0039359, 20\/04\/2021"]}]},{"name":"University of Naples Federico II","award":["CN_00000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN_00000033"]}]},{"name":"University of Naples Federico II","award":["2022KZLJZH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KZLJZH"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["prot. N. 0039359, 20\/04\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["prot. N. 0039359, 20\/04\/2021"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["CN_00000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN_00000033"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["2022KZLJZH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KZLJZH"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Palytoxins (PLTXs) and ovatoxins (OVTXs) are a group of highly potent marine toxins that pose significant health risks through seafood contamination and environmental exposure. OVTX-producing algae have been linked to dermatitis and respiratory distress in Mediterranean beachgoers, while serious public health concerns are related to PLTX accumulation in seafood. In 2009, the European Food Safety Authority highlighted the need for analytical detection methods of the PLTX group of toxins and for the preparation of reference materials. This study investigates the stability of the palytoxin signal using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry under different experimental conditions: three concentrations (10, 1, and 0.5 \u00b5g\/mL), three methanol\u2013water mixtures (10%, 50%, and 90%), and two temperatures (6 \u00b0C and 25 \u00b0C). The results showed that the PLTX signal response is significantly influenced by the experimental conditions used. LC-MRM-MS analysis revealed the optimal response of PLTX in 50% and 90% MeOH at 25 \u00b0C, with minimal signal loss occurring over 16 h (9% and 6%). UV-Vis data indicated reduced absorbance in 10% MeOH, but a stable spectral intensity over 21 h in all the tested solvent mixtures. These results underscore the necessity of carefully controlled experimental conditions to ensure accurate and reproducible PLTX detection in environmental and food safety monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17060286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T03:52:28Z","timestamp":1749181948000},"page":"286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Palytoxin Signal in LC-MS and UV: Preliminary Investigation on the Effect of Solvent and Temperature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7912-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Melchiorre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Varra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5198-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Tegola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8540-2620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Miele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8337-3029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmela","family":"Dell\u2019Aversano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.01.010","article-title":"Reevaluation of the acute toxicity of palytoxin in mice: Determination of lethal dose 50 (LD50) and No-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL)","volume":"177","author":"Vale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2022.103909","article-title":"Toxicity of palytoxin, purified ovatoxin-a, ovatoxin-d and extracts of Ostreopsis cf. ovata on the Caco-2 intestinal barrier model","volume":"94","author":"Lanceleur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. 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