{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:28:18Z","timestamp":1760059698789,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UVa-GIR (Recognized Research Group from the Valladolid University)","award":["950247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["950247"]}]},{"name":"Complutense University UCM-CAM (Comunidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid-Universidad Complutense de Madrid)","award":["950247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["950247"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of reversible animal models for the study of intestinal pathologies is essential to reduce the number of animals used in research and to better understand disease mechanisms. In this study, we present a reversible model of intestinal malabsorption through the administration of sublethal doses of ebulin-f, a ribosome-inactivating protein, and validate its usefulness by monitoring vitamin C absorption. The scientific community increasingly recognizes the importance of rationalizing experimental designs, optimizing treatment protocols, and minimizing the use of animals in research models. Thus, new methodologies are needed to minimize invasive sampling and to develop reversible animal models that recover physiologically post-study. Such models are essential for in vivo studies of human pathologies. Sublethal doses of ebulin-f (2.5 mg\/kg) administered intraperitoneally to female Swiss CD1 mice (n = 6 per group) can cause reversible intestinal alterations in the small intestine, which offer the possibility of having a valuable reversible study model of malabsorption for the investigation of this syndrome. To verify whether nutrient absorption is altered, we used vitamin C as a traceable nutrient that can be quantified in the blood. Peripheral blood samples were collected through the retro-orbital area at 30, 80, 120, 180, and 1440 min post-administration, treated with DTT and MPA, and analyzed using a validated UV\/Vis\u2013HPLC method to indirectly determine vitamin C absorption by enterocytes. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed significantly increased vitamin C absorption on days 1 and 3 post-treatment (AUC values of 3.65 \u00d7 104 and 7.10 \u00d7 104, respectively) compared to control (0.94 \u00d7 104), with partial recovery by day 22 (3.27 \u00d7 104). Blood concentration profiles indicate that intestinal damage peaks at day 3, followed by significant regeneration by day 22, establishing this as a viable reversible model for inflammatory bowel disease research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17070333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T12:10:31Z","timestamp":1751285431000},"page":"333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monitoring of Vitamin C Plasma Levels in a Reversible Model of Malabsorption Generated in Mice by Ebulin-f"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0277-5462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Arranz-Paraiso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7809-3150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Angeles","family":"Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Experimental Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University, 47012 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0707-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Martin-Sabroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7880-9692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Cordoba-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Girb\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4280-5611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Garrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Histology, Faculty of Medicine and INCYL, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5547-3663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"Cordoba-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.02.007","article-title":"Physiology of Intestinal Absorption and Secretion","volume":"30","author":"Kiela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2023.213564","article-title":"The Shape of Our Gut: Dissecting Its Impact on Drug Absorption in a 3D Bioprinted Intestinal Model","volume":"153","author":"Macedo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13008","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13008","article-title":"Established and Emerging Methods for Assessment of Small and Large Intestinal Motility","volume":"29","author":"Poulsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.007","article-title":"Generation of Small Intestinal Organoids for Experimental Intestinal Physiology","volume":"159","author":"Capeling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-020-00526-6","article-title":"Human Small Intestinal Organotypic Culture Model for Drug Permeation, Inflammation, and Toxicity Assays","volume":"57","author":"Markus","year":"2021","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montoro-Huguet, M.A., Belloc, B., and Dom\u00ednguez-Cajal, M. (2021). Small and Large Intestine (I): Malabsorption of Nutrients. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041254"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ba\u00f1ares, F. (2022). Carbohydrate Maldigestion and Intolerance. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091923"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ca\u00f1amares-Orbis, P., Bernal-Monterde, V., Sierra-Gabarda, O., Casas-Deza, D., Garcia-Rayado, G., Cortes, L., and Lu\u00e9, A. (2021). Impact of Liver and Pancreas Diseases on Nutritional Status. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051650"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2020.01029","article-title":"Food Intolerance\/Malabsorption May Occur in Rare Diseases","volume":"9","author":"Schnedl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intractable Rare Dis. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2263-1388","article-title":"Perspectives About Ascorbic Acid to Treat Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"74","author":"Andriolo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03768-3","article-title":"Current Applications of Intestinal Organoids: A Review","volume":"15","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850166914","article-title":"Oxazolone-Induced Colitis in Rats: Effects of Budesonide, Cyclosporin A, and 5-Aminosalicylic Acid","volume":"33","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000198104","article-title":"Experimental Production of Diffuse Colitis in Rats","volume":"17","author":"MacPherson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1157\/13080611","article-title":"Patogenia e Inmunoterapia de la Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal: Lecciones de los Modelos Animales","volume":"28","author":"Aceituno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3603-8_22","article-title":"Murine Trinitrobenzoic Acid-Induced Colitis as a Model of Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"1422","author":"Kuemmerle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5523","DOI":"10.1021\/pr2007973","article-title":"Metabolic Phenotyping of the Crohn\u2019s Disease-Like IBD Etiopathology in the TNF \u0394ARE\/WT Mouse Model","volume":"10","author":"Baur","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.10.014","article-title":"Regulatory Cells Maintain Intestinal Homeostasis by Suppressing \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420295","article-title":"Bacterial Flagellin Is a Dominant Antigen in Crohn Disease","volume":"113","author":"Lodes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90813-3","article-title":"Spontaneous, Heritable Colitis in a New Substrain of C3H\/HeJ Mice","volume":"107","author":"Sundberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50148","article-title":"Emergence of Perianal Fistulizing Disease in the SAMP1\/YitFc Mouse, a Spontaneous Model of Chronic Ileitis","volume":"124","author":"Bamias","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hubrecht, R.C., and Carter, E. (2019). The 3Rs and Humane Experimental Technique: Implementing Change. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100754"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.2.347","article-title":"Lectins as Plant Defense Proteins","volume":"109","author":"Peumans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557043403891","article-title":"Description, Distribution, Activity and Phylogenetic Relationship of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins in Plants, Fungi and Bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Ferreras","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2012.03.007","article-title":"Ribosome-inactivating Proteins: Current Status and Biomedical Applications","volume":"17","author":"Puri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.02.005","article-title":"Ribosome-inactivating Proteins: From Toxins to Useful Proteins","volume":"67","author":"Stirpe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00146","article-title":"The Plant Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins Play Important Roles in Defense Against Pathogens and Insect Pest Attacks","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabbrini, M.S., Katayama, M., Nakase, I., and Vago, R. (2017). Plant Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins: Progresses, Challenges and Biotechnological Applications (and a Few Digressions). Toxins, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9100314"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7051556","article-title":"Ribosome-Inactivating and Related Proteins","volume":"7","author":"Schrot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4171-3","article-title":"Interaction of Volkensin with HeLa Cells: Binding, Uptake, Intracellular Localization, Degradation and Exocytosis","volume":"61","author":"Battelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s004250050261","article-title":"Presence of Polymerized and Free Forms of the Non-Toxic Type 2 Ribosome-Inactivating Protein Ebulin and a Structurally Related New Homodimeric Lectin in Fruits of Sambucus ebulus L","volume":"204","author":"Citores","year":"1998","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.12.011","article-title":"Specific Dose-Dependent Damage of Lieberk\u00fchn Crypts Promoted by Large Doses of Type 2 Ribosome-Inactivating Protein Nigrin b Intravenous Injection to Mice","volume":"207","author":"Gayoso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6584","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612820666140826153913","article-title":"Immunotoxins Constructed with Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins and Their Enhancers: A Lethal Cocktail with Tumor Specific Efficacy","volume":"20","author":"Weng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20022364","article-title":"Elderberries: A Source of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins with Lectin Activity","volume":"20","author":"Tejero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Paneth Cells Are Also Target of the Ribotoxic Lectin Nigrin b","volume":"29","author":"Gayoso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.009","article-title":"Toxicity in Mice of Lectin Ebulin f Present in Dwarf Elderberry (Sambucus ebulus L.)","volume":"61","author":"Gayoso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7020367","article-title":"Toxicity of the Anti-Ribosomal Lectin Ebulin f in Lungs and Intestines in Elderly Mice","volume":"7","author":"Garrosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"397","article-title":"Vitamin C in Health and Disease: Its Role in the Metabolism of Cells and Redox State in the Brain","volume":"6","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03174092","article-title":"Vitamin C Transporters","volume":"64","author":"Rivas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18982","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.30.18982","article-title":"Glucose Transporter Isoforms GLUT1 and GLUT3 Transport Dehydroascorbic Acid","volume":"272","author":"Rumsey","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lykkesfeldt, J., and Tveden-Nyborg, P. (2020). The Pharmacokinetics of Vitamin C: An Update. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102412"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00010","article-title":"Vitamin C Pharmacokinetics: Implications for Oral and Intravenous Use","volume":"140","author":"Padayatty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-007-0555-7","article-title":"SVCT1 and SVCT2: Key Proteins for Vitamin C Uptake","volume":"34","author":"Savini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9092","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.436790","article-title":"Intestinal Dehydroascorbic Acid (DHA) Transport Mediated by the Facilitative Sugar Transporters, GLUT2 and GLUT8","volume":"288","author":"Corpe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001492","article-title":"Decreased expression of the vitamin C transporter SVCT1 by ascorbic acid in a human intestinal epithelial cell line","volume":"87","author":"MacDonald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.03.032","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Links Vitamin C Supplementation to Enhanced Mental Vitality in Healthy Young Adults with Suboptimal Vitamin C Status: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial","volume":"128","author":"Sim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.2570","article-title":"Nutritional Status and Nutritional Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"15","author":"Hartman","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.12.017","article-title":"A Two-Year Longitudinal Study of Persistent Lean Tissue Deficits in Children with Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"7","author":"Sylvester","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"908","article-title":"Plasma Accumulations of Vitamin B6 from an Oral Dose in a New Reversible Model for Mouse Gut Injury and Regeneration","volume":"4","author":"Cabrero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)46829-3","article-title":"Ebulin 1, a Nontoxic Novel Type 2 Ribosome-Inactivating Protein from Sambucus ebulus L. Leaves","volume":"268","author":"Citores","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2003840","article-title":"Effect of Smoking on Erythorbic Acid Pharmacokinetics","volume":"89","author":"Lykkesfeldt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.01.007","article-title":"Vitamin C Pharmacokinetics of Plain and Slow Release Formulations in Smokers","volume":"23","author":"Viscovich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1929","article-title":"Human Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid) Transporter SVCT1","volume":"267","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092647","article-title":"Regulation of Vitamin C Transport","volume":"25","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.21767\/2573-5365.100030","article-title":"Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors Could Improve the Bioavailability of Vitamin C at the Kidney in Diabetes Treatment","volume":"3","author":"Aoki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.12.002","article-title":"The Sodium-Dependent Ascorbic Acid Transporter Family SLC23","volume":"34","author":"Suzuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of Structural Proteins During the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(77)90173-7","article-title":"A New Spectrophotometric Assay for Protein in Cell Extracts","volume":"82","author":"Kalb","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(96)00248-4","article-title":"Determination of Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids in Blood Plasma and Serum by Liquid Chromatography","volume":"688","author":"Esteve","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005516","article-title":"Comparison of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Spectrofluorimetry for Vitamin C Analysis of Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","volume":"210","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."}],"container-title":["Toxins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/17\/7\/333\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:01:56Z","timestamp":1760032916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/17\/7\/333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["toxins17070333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins17070333","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6651"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-6651"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]}}}