{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:32:18Z","timestamp":1760059938321,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio Doutor Le\u00e3o Sampaio"},{"name":"National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq)"},{"name":"Coordination for Enhancement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The snakes from the genus Bothrops are responsible for most of the ophidic accidents in Brazil, and Bothrops atrox represents one of these species. Envenomation by these snakes results in systemic effects and is often associated with early mortality following snakebite incidents. The present study investigates the pharmacological properties of Bothrops atrox venom (VBA), focusing specifically on its impact on renal blood flow. Following the renal perfusion procedure, kidney tissues were processed for histopathological examination. Statistical analysis of all evaluated parameters was conducted using ANOVA and Student\u2019s t-test, with significance set at p &lt; 0.005. Administration of VBA resulted in a marked reduction in both perfusion pressure and renal vascular resistance. In contrast, there was a significant elevation in urinary output and glomerular filtration rate. Histological changes observed in the perfused kidneys were mild. The involvement of nitric oxide in the pressor effects of Bothrops atrox venom was not investigated in renal perfusion systems or in in vivo models. Treatment with VBA led to elevated nitrite levels in the bloodstream of the experimental animals. This effect was completely inhibited following pharmacological blockade with L-NAME. Based on these findings, we conclude that VBA alters renal function and promotes increased nitric oxide production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17080363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T07:54:26Z","timestamp":1753343666000},"page":"363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Renal Effects and Nitric Oxide Response Induced by Bothrops atrox Snake Venom in an Isolated Perfused Kidney Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5341-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terentia Batista Sa","family":"Nor\u00f5es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Doutor Le\u00e3o Sampaio (UNILE\u00c3O), Maria Let\u00edcia Leite Pereira Ave., Lagoa Seca\u2014Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Juazeiro do Norte 63040-405, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio Rafael Coelho","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena Serra Azul","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3380-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Parente Garcia","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Ten. Raimundo Rocha Ave., 1639, Juazeiro do Norte 63048-080, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Breno De S\u00e1 Barreto","family":"Mac\u00eado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Doutor Le\u00e3o Sampaio (UNILE\u00c3O), Maria Let\u00edcia Leite Pereira Ave., Lagoa Seca\u2014Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Juazeiro do Norte 63040-405, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17063","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.63","article-title":"Snakebite envenoming","volume":"3","author":"Calvete","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Cardoso, J.L.C., Franca, F.O.S., Wen, F.H., Malaque, C.M.S., and Haddad, V. (2003). Acidente botr\u00f3pico. 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