{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T01:46:30Z","timestamp":1783734390614,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BoNT) in alleviating motor symptoms of cervical dystonia (CD) has been well established, and it is the treatment of choice in this disease. Lately, the effect of BoNT on non-motor symptoms (NMS) such as cognitive function, depression, anxiety, pain, and sleep disturbance has been observed in patients with CD. A comprehensive clinical and functional assessment of motor (dystonia severity, gait) and non-motor symptoms (cognitive functions, depression, anxiety, sleep, and pain) has been performed in a total of 34 adult patients with cervical dystonia before and after BoNT treatment. Results have also been compared to a control group. Significant improvements in the scales assessing dystonia severity have been observed, which is in line with previous studies on the effect of BoNT on motor symptoms in dystonia. Interestingly, the results also clearly indicate that BoNT has a positive effect on NMS. Among the studied non-motor domains, depression and cognitive functions improved the most after the treatment procedure. The study highlights the potential of BoNT to positively influence non-motor symptoms in patients with cervical dystonia, although its effect on various NMS is not equal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17080396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T08:33:06Z","timestamp":1754555586000},"page":"396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Is There a \u201cNon-Motor Effect\u201d of Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Cervical Dystonia in Addition to Its Effects on Motor Symptoms?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4388-9390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Dudzic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Joseph Strus Municipal Hospital in Poznan, 61-285 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0349-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Pieczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Dru\u017cd\u017c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Joseph Strus Municipal Hospital in Poznan, 61-285 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Rajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Joseph Strus Municipal Hospital in Poznan, 61-285 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6166-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Hojan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Neurorehabilitation Ward, Greater Poland Provincial Hospital, 60-479 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25475","article-title":"Phenomenology and Classification of Dystonia: A Consensus Update","volume":"28","author":"Albanese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov. 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