{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T21:12:52Z","timestamp":1776978772659,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Port autonome de Papeete","award":["AAPC 2022\/06 call"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AAPC 2022\/06 call"]}]},{"name":"Port autonome de Papeete","award":["PA-4-BIODIVERSIDAD-BIO12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA-4-BIODIVERSIDAD-BIO12"]}]},{"name":"Port autonome de Papeete","award":["GRU-GIC-24-051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRU-GIC-24-051"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011941","name":"Government of the Principality of Asturias, Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AAPC 2022\/06 call"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AAPC 2022\/06 call"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011941","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011941","name":"Government of the Principality of Asturias, Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PA-4-BIODIVERSIDAD-BIO12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA-4-BIODIVERSIDAD-BIO12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011941","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011941","name":"Government of the Principality of Asturias, Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRU-GIC-24-051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRU-GIC-24-051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011941","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Harmful algae are transported in various compartments of maritime vessels, making ports with heavy maritime traffic potential hotspots for their introduction and spread. In this study, we investigate the port of Papeete (Tahiti, French Polynesia), a key hub for numerous South Pacific shipping routes. Using metabarcoding on DNA extracted from water samples (environmental DNA, eDNA) we identified 21 species of harmful algae comprising to Bacillariophyceae (4), Dinophyceae (14), and Haptophyta (3 species). Three of those species are directly associated with fish mortality events without recognized toxigenic capacity. The remaining harmful algae species are known to produce a wide range of toxins, like the ciguatoxin produced by endemic Gambierdiscus sp., domoic acid, haemolysins, yessotoxins, and others. Health risks such as ciguatera and paralytic shellfish poisoning were identified. An increase in Gambierdiscus frequency in Papeete port waters was parallel to an increase in ciguatera fish poisoning events in Tahiti, which suggests the value of eDNA analysis for early warning of harmful algae presence. Management measures, including banning fishing near the ports, could prevent public health risks associated with harmful algae blooms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17080424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T15:53:37Z","timestamp":1755705217000},"page":"424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Metabarcoding Reveals Diversity of Potentially Toxic Algae in Papeete Port (Tahiti)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C\/Julian Claveria s\/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Cartairade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USR3278 CRIOBE EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, 66860 Perpignan, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8429-838X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Garcia-Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C\/Julian Claveria s\/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Planes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USR3278 CRIOBE EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, 66860 Perpignan, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-7-S2-S2","article-title":"Centers for Oceans and Human Health: A unified approach to the challenge of harmful algal blooms","volume":"7","author":"Erdner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. 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