{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:20:42Z","timestamp":1792095642009,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONACYT-CIENCIA DE FRONTERA","award":["CF-2023-G-1185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-G-1185"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen, a member of the ESKAPE group, associated with nosocomial infections and foodborne illnesses due to its production of various toxins. This study conducted a comprehensive genomic characterization of S. aureus isolates producing toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) using a comparative genomics and bioinformatics approach. A total of 166, including 3 bovine mastitis isolates and 163 public genomes, were analyzed. Twenty-eight distinct sequence types (STs) were identified, with ST30 and ST5 being the most prevalent, corresponding to the clonal complexes CC30 and CC5, respectively. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed two major clades aligned with these complexes, each exhibiting unique virulence factor profiles. Notably, TSST-1 was detected in bovine mastitis genomes, alongside a broad repertoire of virulence markers, such as enterotoxins and secretion system components, posing a potential risk to public health. Additionally, genes related to environmental information processing systems, including ABC transporters and phosphotransferase systems, were prevalent. These results underscore the need for strengthened genomic surveillance and the implementation of both preventive and corrective measures in dairy herds to mitigate zoonotic transmission and ensure food safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17090440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T08:04:15Z","timestamp":1756886655000},"page":"440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin Production: An Epidemiological and Bioinformatics Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7378-0699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. R.","family":"Aguirre-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigaci\u00f3n en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (CIAD), Culiac\u00e1n 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Chaidez-Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigaci\u00f3n en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (CIAD), Culiac\u00e1n 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5248-3719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nohemi","family":"Castro-del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Sinaloa, Blvd. San Angel 3886, Mercado de Abastos, San Benito, Culiac\u00e1n 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0738-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nohelia","family":"Castro-del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigaci\u00f3n en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (CIAD), Culiac\u00e1n 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70295-4","article-title":"The Role of Nasal Carriage in Staphylococcus aureus Infections","volume":"5","author":"Wertheim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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