{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:12:48Z","timestamp":1792725168268,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) are abundant in seaweed and have several industrial and biomedical applications, but their renal effects remain unclear. This study evaluated the effects of total sulfated polysaccharides (TSPs) from Gracilaria cornea using an isolated rat kidney perfusion model. TSP at 3 \u00b5g\/mL increased perfusion pressure and renal vascular resistance at 90\u2013120 min, while 4.5 \u00b5g\/mL induced earlier and more pronounced changes (from 60 min). Urinary flow decreased at 1 \u00b5g\/mL (90 min) but increased at 4.5 \u00b5g\/mL (90\u2013120 min). Sodium transport was reduced at all concentrations, whereas potassium and chloride transport remained unchanged. Histological analysis revealed protein deposits in tubules and urinary space, indicating tubular injury. In vitro, TSP reduced MDCK cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, with some cells progressing to secondary necrosis. In conclusion, TSP altered renal physiology and morphology and triggered apoptotic pathways in renal cells, highlighting the need for further mechanistic and translational studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17100499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T07:56:29Z","timestamp":1759996589000},"page":"499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Renal Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Seaweed Gracilaria cornea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5341-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terentia Batista S\u00e1","family":"Nor\u00f5es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Doutor Le\u00e3o Sampaio (UNILE\u00c3O), Maria Let\u00edcia Leite Pereira Ave., Lagoa Seca\u2014Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Juazeiro do Norte 63040-405, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2470-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Moinhos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Doutor Le\u00e3o Sampaio (UNILE\u00c3O), Maria Let\u00edcia Leite Pereira Ave., Lagoa Seca\u2014Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Juazeiro do Norte 63040-405, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena Serra Azul","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8160-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice Maria Costa","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3380-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Parente Garcia","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Ten. Raimundo Rocha Ave., 1639, Juazeiro do Norte 63048-080, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio Gleidiston","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Ten. 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