{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:51:56Z","timestamp":1793767916562,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Semaglutide, a GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonist, is widely prescribed for weight loss in non-diabetic populations. Given the link between obesity and overactive bladder (OAB), we explored whether GLP-1 use would improve adverse urinary events beyond its weight loss benefit for non-diabetic adults undergoing onabotulinumtoxin A (BTX-A) treatment for OAB. Using the TriNetX database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of non-diabetic OAB patients treated with BTX-A alone or with concurrent GLP-1 therapy. Propensity score matching (1:1) was adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, hypertension, and BMI\/obesity. After matching, 992 patients were included in each group. GLP-1 use was associated with a lower incidence of urinary retention (8.6% vs. 4.9%, risk difference 3.66%, p = 0.0044) and urinary tract infection (13.3% vs. 8.8%, risk difference 4.54%, p = 0.00224), with corresponding improved one-year retention-free and UTI-free survival on Kaplan\u2013Meier (KM) analysis. Antispasmodic initiation rates were similar (11.8% vs. 10.3%, risk difference 1.55%, p = 0.6921), and KM analysis showed no significant difference. These findings suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonist use may improve select urinary adverse events in non-diabetic adults undergoing BTX-A treatment for OAB and support further investigation into its potential adjunctive role in OAB management with longer follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17110542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T17:32:01Z","timestamp":1762191121000},"page":"542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Beyond Glycemic Control: Concurrent GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use Is Associated with Reduced Urinary Adverse Events Following OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment in Non-Diabetic Adults with Overactive Bladder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5396-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed A. M.","family":"Hammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia G.","family":"Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1998-9894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimee L.","family":"Belczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9028-7783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamal M.","family":"Ghoniem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-024-06029-2","article-title":"Global prevalence of overactive bladder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. 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