{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:38:35Z","timestamp":1793036315797,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016804","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JCYJ20240813160814019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20240813160814019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016804","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JCYJ20240813142717023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20240813142717023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["42377431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42377431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund","award":["SZXK066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZXK066"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyanotoxins, prevalent in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems, pose significant health risks via contaminated food, yet analytical methods for detecting multiple toxin classes in foodstuffs remain limited. In the current study, a method based on dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS\/MS) was developed to simultaneously determine four common classes of cyanotoxins (i.e., microcystins, cylindrospermopsins, nodularins, and anatoxins) in aquatic products, vegetables and algal dietary supplements. Following initial extraction with 80% aqueous methanol, sample purification was performed using anhydrous sodium sulfate (400 mg) and C18 sorbent (50 mg). For plant-based foods, additional graphitized carbon black (GCB, 15 mg) was also included. The method was successfully validated in eight different food matrices, demonstrating recoveries of 65\u2013122% and relative standard deviations below 19%. The limits of detection and quantification across all matrices ranged from 0.1 to 3.4 \u03bcg\/kg dry weight (dw) and 0.4 to 11.4 \u03bcg\/kg dw, respectively. When applied to 96 food samples, this method detected multiple cyanotoxins in Tilapia and Spirulina-based dietary supplements. The proposed method provides a rapid, cost-effective, high-throughput, and sensitive analytical tool suitable for monitoring multiple cyanotoxins in various foodstuffs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins18030132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:00:02Z","timestamp":1772802002000},"page":"132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Simultaneous Determination of Multiclass Cyanotoxins in Aquatic Products, Vegetables and Algal Dietary Supplements Using Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction (dSPE)-UHPLC-MS\/MS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Baiyu","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030600, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanxiang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoying","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haojia","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghe","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030600, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135979","article-title":"How climate change and eutrophication interact with microplastic pollution and sediment resuspension in shallow lakes: A review","volume":"705","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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