{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:41:59Z","timestamp":1785426119672,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003069","name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SIP-20260268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP-20260268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003069","name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SIP-20260775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP-20260775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["SIP-20260268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP-20260268"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059sp8j34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["SIP-20260775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP-20260775"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059sp8j34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the vast biodiversity of Mexican vipers, venom of endemic species has been barely studied. Here we analyzed the venom composition of three endemic species of rattlesnakes: Crotalus aquilus, C. triseriatus, and C. ravus. We used quantitative chromato-mass-spectrometry and compared venoms with C. molossus, a species commonly found in North America, in a comparative and phylogenetic framework. In total, we identified 165 proteins grouped in 19 main protein families, consistent with previous reports for viperid venoms. In C. aquilus and C. triseriatus, the most predominant protein-family type was Serine Proteases, and in C. triseriatus and C. molossus it was Snake Venom Metalloproteases. The Label-free quantification revealed a high proportion of Snake Venom Metalloproteases in C. aquilus, C. triseriatus, and C. molossus, reaching 28\u201347% of the total venom. In contrast, in C. ravus 47% of the venom was composed of Phospholipases A2. Among the four species analyzed, C. triseriatus and C. aquilus were most similar in compositional profiles and their profiles are highly correlated. Venom composition in terminal clades and taxa were better explained by protein losses than evolution of new proteins. The triseriatus group share seven proteins, while the clade C. aquilus + C. triseriatus share seven derived protein features, of which six are protein losses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins18060256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:10:42Z","timestamp":1780668642000},"page":"256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Qualitative and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Venoms from Mexican Rattlesnakes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2157-0543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lizbeth","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ancheyta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5694-8197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor Hugo","family":"Reynoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zoolog\u00eda\/Pabell\u00f3n Nacional de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"L\u00f3pez-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zoolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5353-8192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Delgadillo-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (SECIHTI), Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 03940, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Lilia","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8840-3602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julieta","family":"Luna-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, July 13). 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