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However, it is unclear what alterations death may cause in snake venom, because even in well-preserved genera, such as Lachesis, venom is susceptible to variation due to several factors. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to compare Lachesis muta venom characteristics before and after its death. The investigation encompasses protein profile analyses, immune recognition by antivenom, and enzymatic and biological activities. Venom samples were collected from the same individual at three distinct time points: two samples while the specimen was alive and a sample post-mortem. In RP-HPLC, a shift in peak intensity was observed in the peptide and protease elution regions. The post-mortem sample presented more PLA2 and LAAO enzymatic activities and a decrease in the coagulation capacity. All samples were well immuno-recognized by anti-Bothrops\/Lachesis serum. Data suggest that L. muta venom maintains its functional and immunological integrity throughout senescence and following the animal\u2019s death. The preservation of its biochemical properties supports the clinical relevance of accidents involving dead snakes and justifies the inclusion of such venoms in antivenom manufacturing protocols, providing a strategic alternative during supply shortages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins18070288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:56:55Z","timestamp":1782838615000},"page":"288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post-Mortem Effects as a Variation Factor in Lachesis muta Venom"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mariana Silva","family":"Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Interunit Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa In\u00e1cio","family":"Moitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Interunit Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9363-3752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Serino-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2224-0913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Savio Stefanini","family":"Sant\u2019Anna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen Fernandes","family":"Grego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4694-4475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita Mitico","family":"Tanaka-Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Interunit Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366215","DOI":"10.1080\/14772000.2024.2366215","article-title":"When a name changes everything: Taxonomy and conservation of the Atlantic bushmaster (Lachesis Daudin, 1803) (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae)","volume":"22","author":"Hamdan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Syst. 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