{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:15:51Z","timestamp":1792790151407,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taizhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","award":["24gyz01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24gyz01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041fzeq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Taizhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","award":["23nya12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23nya12"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041fzeq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["24gyz01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24gyz01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041fzeq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["23nya12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23nya12"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041fzeq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Market Regulation Science and Technology Project","award":["JF2026006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JF2026006"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Market Regulation Science and Technology Project","award":["JB2026017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JB2026017"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Market Regulation Science and Technology Project","award":["ZD2025026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2025026"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Market Regulation Science and Technology Project","award":["XM2026011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XM2026011"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Drug Regulatory Science and Technology Program","award":["2026020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LTGC23C200001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTGC23C200001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Taizhou High-level Talent Program \u201cSpecial Support\u201d Talent"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycotoxin contamination represents one of the most pressing food safety challenges worldwide, with millions of tons of agricultural commodities affected annually. Conventional detection methods, while accurate, are labor-intensive, destructive, and unsuitable for large-scale screening. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has emerged as a transformative non-destructive analytical technique capable of simultaneously capturing spatial and spectral information across hundreds of contiguous wavelengths. This review critically evaluates the current state of HSI technology for mycotoxin detection in food products, covering the physical principles underlying spectral\u2013mycotoxin interactions, systematic applications across major mycotoxin classes (aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, and zearalenone), and the integration of machine learning and deep learning algorithms for spectral data analysis. The review reveals that while Vis-NIR (400\u20131000 nm) and SWIR (1000\u20132500 nm) HSI systems have achieved classification accuracies exceeding 90% for several mycotoxin\u2013matrix combinations, fundamental challenges persist in model transferability, direct quantification at regulatory thresholds, and scalability for industrial deployment. Recent advances in transformer architectures, transfer learning, interpretable deep learning, and portable multispectral systems demonstrate encouraging progress toward practical implementation. This review concludes by identifying critical research gaps and proposing strategic directions for translating HSI-based mycotoxin detection from laboratory proof-of-concept to routine industrial application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins18090396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:50:27Z","timestamp":1789566627000},"page":"396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hyperspectral Imaging for Mycotoxin Monitoring in Food: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies, Algorithms, and Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1966-4927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangyao","family":"Ying","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Taizhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taizhou 318000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Quality Safety and Quality Improvement of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Taizhou City, Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maofa","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taizhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1181-2975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taizhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taizhou 318000, China"},{"name":"Taizhou Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Preclinical Pharmaceutical Research, Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaokui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taizhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taizhou 318000, China"},{"name":"Taizhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Digital and Intelligent Testing and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taizhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taizhou 318000, China"},{"name":"Taizhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Drug Composition and Adulteration Identification Technology, Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huili","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taizhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taizhou 318000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Quality Safety and Quality Improvement of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Taizhou City, Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1658570","article-title":"Worldwide contamination of food-crops with mycotoxins: Validity of the widely cited \u2019FAO estimate\u2019 of 25%","volume":"60","author":"Eskola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. 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