{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:49:26Z","timestamp":1778978966014,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,20]],"date-time":"2010-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1271721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin naturally occurring in different foods. OTA is arguably a risk factor for Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). The aims of this study are to (1) test the OTA-BEN association in BEN-groups and controls and (2) determine whether urine \u03b22-microglobulin, a marker of impaired ability of the kidneys to re-absorb, is related to OTA. BEN patients had significantly higher OTA serum levels. Within the offspring, OTA was significantly related to higher \u03b22-microglobulin excretion. OTA (2005\/2006) was related to a higher incidence of BEN after 2008, providing further evidence that OTA is a risk factor for BEN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2040780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,20]],"date-time":"2010-04-20T10:11:27Z","timestamp":1271758287000},"page":"780-792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Ochratoxin A and \u03b22-Microglobulin in BEN Patients and Controls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Pavlina","family":"Yordanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Public Health Protection, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karmaus","family":"Wilfried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetla","family":"Tsolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Public Health Protection, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Plamen","family":"Dimitrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Public Health Protection, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0629-4_26","article-title":"Risk assessment of ochratoxin: Current views of the European Scientific Committee on food, the JECFA and the Codex Committee on food additives and contaminants","volume":"504","author":"Walker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. 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