{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:18:55Z","timestamp":1791091135255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]],"date-time":"2011-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peptide neurotoxins found in animal venoms have gained great interest in the field of neurotransmission. As they are high affinity ligands for calcium, potassium and sodium channels, they have become useful tools for studying channel structure and activity. Peptide neurotoxins represent the clinical potential of ion-channel modulators across several therapeutic fields, especially in developing new strategies for treatment of ion channel-related diseases. The aim of this review is to overview the latest updates in the domain of peptide neurotoxins that affect voltage-gated calcium channels, with a special focus on \u03c9-agatoxins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins3010017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]],"date-time":"2011-01-04T11:46:30Z","timestamp":1294141590000},"page":"17-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Peptide Neurotoxins That Affect Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels: A Close-Up on \u03c9-Agatoxins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Emilie","family":"Pringos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IBMM, UMR 5247, CNRS, Max Mousseron Institut of Biomolecules, Montpellier 1 & 2, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Vignes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBMM, UMR 5247, CNRS, Max Mousseron Institut of Biomolecules, Montpellier 1 & 2, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBMM, UMR 5247, CNRS, Max Mousseron Institut of Biomolecules, Montpellier 1 & 2, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Rolland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBMM, UMR 5247, CNRS, Max Mousseron Institut of Biomolecules, Montpellier 1 & 2, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1517\/13543776.12.2.243","article-title":"Therapeutical application of voltage-gated calcium channel modulators","volume":"12","author":"Kochegarov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Patents"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2010.02.005","article-title":"The odyssey of marine pharmaceuticals: A current pipeline perspective","volume":"31","author":"Mayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. 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