{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T16:43:57Z","timestamp":1761237837840,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,6]],"date-time":"2011-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1302048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL) affects five to six thousand adults and almost three thousand children every year. Approximately 25% of the children and 60% of the adults die from their disease, highlighting the need for new therapies that complement rather than overlap chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Immunotherapy is a class of therapies where toxicities and mechanisms of action do not overlap with those of chemotherapy. Because CD19 is a B cell- restricted membrane antigen that is expressed on the majority of pre-B tumor cells, a CD19-based immunotherapy is being developed for ALL. In this study, the anti-tumor activities of immunotoxins (ITs) constructed by conjugating a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb), HD37, or its chimeric (c) construct to recombinant ricin toxin A chain (rRTA) were compared both in vitro using human pre-B ALL and Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cell lines and in vivo using a disseminated human pre-B ALL tumor cell xenograft model. The murine and chimeric HD37 IT constructs were equally cytotoxic to pre-B ALL and Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells in vitro and their use in vivo resulted in equivalent increases in survival of SCID mice with human pre-B ALL tumors when compared with control mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins3040409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,9]],"date-time":"2011-09-09T18:12:12Z","timestamp":1315591932000},"page":"409-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Comparison of the Anti-Tumor Effects of a Chimeric versus Murine Anti-CD19 Immunotoxins on Human B Cell Lymphoma and Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Lydia K.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cancer Immunobiology Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurentiu M.","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cancer Immunobiology Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cancer Immunobiology Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen S.","family":"Vitetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cancer Immunobiology Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11316","article-title":"Trends in leukemia incidence and survival in the United States (1973-1998)","volume":"97","author":"Xie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4477","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-09-112920","article-title":"Risk-adjusted therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia can decrease treatment burden and improve survival: Treatment results of 2169 unselected pediatric and adolescent patients enrolled in the trial ALL-BFM 95","volume":"111","author":"Moricke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoelzer, D., G\u00f6kbuget, N., Ottmann, O., Pui, C.H., Relling, M.V., Appelbaum, F.R., van Dongen, J.J.M., and Szczepanski, T. 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