{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:33:02Z","timestamp":1780511582014,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,14]],"date-time":"2011-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Israel, Vipera xantina palestinae (V.x.p.) is the most common venomous snake, accounting for several hundred cases of envenomation in humans and domestic animals every year, with a mortality rate of 0.5 to 2%. In this review we will briefly address the research developments relevant to our present understanding of the structure and function of V.x.p. venom with emphasis on venom disintegrins. Venom proteomics indicated the presence of four families of pharmacologically active compounds: (i) neurotoxins; (ii) hemorrhagins; (iii) angioneurin growth factors; and (iv) different types of integrin inhibitors. Viperistatin, a \u03b11\u03b21selective KTS disintegrin and VP12, a \u03b12\u03b21 selective C-type lectin were discovered. These snake venom proteins represent promising tools for research and development of novel collagen receptor selective drugs. These discoveries are also relevant for future improvement of antivenom therapy towards V.x.p. envenomation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins3111420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,14]],"date-time":"2011-11-14T11:08:21Z","timestamp":1321268901000},"page":"1420-1432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Pharmacological Aspects of Vipera xantina palestinae Venom"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Momic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska T.","family":"Arlinghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadar","family":"Arien-Zakay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeoshua","family":"Katzhendler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes A.","family":"Eble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cezary","family":"Marcinkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Temple University College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3650-4721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Lazarovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719701601110","article-title":"Vipera palaestinae snake envenomations: Experience in children","volume":"16","author":"Paret","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. 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